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SPEAKER_01: Before we start, a warning that this episode contains mentions of violence and distress. Hello. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica. This month, we're highlighting ragers, women who use their anger, often righteous, though not always, to accomplish extraordinary things. Today, we're talking about a survivor of the atomic explosion at Hiroshima. Her anger at the senseless destruction has fueled a lifetime of campaigning against nuclear weapons. Please welcome Setsuko Thurlow. Setsuko was born in Hiroshima, Japan, on January 3rd, 1932. She was the youngest of seven children. Just a year before Setsuko was born, Japan invaded Manchuria, now Northeast China. It was one of many acts of aggression that would later lead to World War II. War continued to mark Setsuko's childhood, and 13 years later, it would mark its end. On the morning of August 6th, 1945, Setsuko and 30 other girls had reported for duty at a military office in Hiroshima. Deep into World War II, the country was growing desperate and recruited young girls to assist in code-breaking. Setsuko was just 13 years old. It was still early in the day, a quarter past eight, when she saw a burst of bluish-white light out the window. And then, nothing. Slowly, Setsuko regained consciousness. Through the rubble, she heard her classmates faintly calling for help. And then she heard another voice, a soldier telling her to crawl toward the light. He helped her push out of the crumbling building burning behind her, along with three other girls who managed to escape. Setsuko made her way across flattened city blocks and fields. She corralled people with devastating injuries, administering all the help she could to the dying. People needed medicine and water, but there weren't cups or buckets or doctors. And so, Setsuko soaked up her blouse in a stream and squeezed drops of water into people's mouths. It's estimated that more than 140,000 people died from the atomic bomb at Hiroshima. Setsuko was just a little more than a mile away from the center of the nuclear explosion. While she survived, eight of her family members died. Setsuko had lived through one of the most horrific episodes in history. It was a memory she'd never forget. It stayed as vivid as the day she lived it. Two months after the bombing, Setsuko returned to school. There she learned English and found comfort and support from the adults. On a volunteer expedition to build a community center, she met Jim Thurlow, a Canadian historian and her future husband. When she finished her schooling in Japan, she was offered a scholarship to study social work in the U.S. She took the chance. In 1954, 22-year-old Setsuko arrived in Virginia. That same year, American weaponry had once again caused destruction, this time in the Marshall Islands. The U.S. detonated Castle Bravo in a design test near Bikini Atoll. The bomb killed a Japanese fisherman and rained down radioactive debris. It was even more powerful than the bomb that had exploded over Hiroshima. Setsuko had already made a bit of a name for herself speaking out against nuclear weapons. But this time, when American reporters asked her what she thought of the detonation, Setsuko didn't hold back. "'I feel angry,' she said. And then she told them the story of August 6th, from the first detonation to coughing under the rubble, watching a building full of girls just like her collapse, about wringing water out of her blouse to give the dying a bit of comfort. She told them, in as much detail as she could muster, the horror she'd witnessed and lived in the days following the bombing. As she told reporters, it was hell on earth. Many survivors of the bombing, who were also called Hibushuka, hadn't ever shared the details of that day. It was painful to relive, and in the post-war U.S., it was dangerous to be so vocal about anything that could be seen as anti-U.S. criticism. Setsuko experienced that danger firsthand. After her first story was published, she received hate mail day after day. The letters were inflammatory, accusing her of anti-U.S. sentiment and demanding she go back to Japan. Setsuko was shaken, but knew there was no other way for her to live. "'I can't put a zipper over my mouth,' she later said." So Setsuko kept talking. She told her story at protests, conferences, and schools. In 1974, worried people were forgetting about the impact of the bomb, she founded an activist organization to inform the public about the consequences of nuclear weapons. By the 2000s, Setsuko and her husband, Jim, had raised a family in Canada. In 2006, she was made a member of the Order of Canada for her social work. In 2007, she was part of the Canadian team that launched ICAN, the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. Eventually, in 2017, ICAN's work would win a Nobel Peace Prize. Setsuko jointly accepted the prize on the organization's behalf. In 2020, Setsuko wrote to 197 heads of state, asking them to ratify the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, a formal document to be adopted at the United Nations. To this day, the world's nine nuclear-armed countries have refused to sign the treaty, including Japan, Canada, and the U.S. Now in her 90s, Setsuko continues to raise her voice. She's written to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, asking him to accept Canada's blame in not signing the treaty. And she's also criticized former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe for not signing. Today, there are fewer than 137,000 hibakusha still alive in Japan, and fewer than 3,000 outside of the country. Voices like Setsuko's continue to remind us of the devastation of the past, and of the anger we must keep close to our hearts as we venture into the future. All month, we're talking about ragers. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanaka Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. As always, we'll be taking a break for the weekend. Talk to you on Monday.
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SPEAKER_05: Thank you so much for watching and we'll see you in another video. Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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