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SPEAKER_04: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica. This month, we're highlighting ragers, women who use their anger, often righteous, though not always, to accomplish extraordinary things. Today, we're talking about an anti-feminist spokesperson who successfully campaigned against the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Let's talk about Phyllis Schlafly.
SPEAKER_02: I'm interested in your characterization of women's liberation people or as a group. In November 1972, in your newsletter, you wrote, "'Their motive is totally radical. "'They hate men, marriage, and children. "'They are out to destroy morality and the family.'" Do you still feel that? Is that quote still inaccurate?
SPEAKER_03: Yes, I think that it is an anti-family movement. I think they target men as the enemy. They teach that women have been kept in a condition of oppression and serfdom for all these years. It is a negative view of life, and they wake up in the morning thinking the cards are stacked against them. Now, I don't think you get ahead in this world by projecting your problems onto society and saying that it's society's fault. Everybody has problems.
SPEAKER_04: Phyllis Stewart was born in St. Louis, Missouri on August 15th, 1924. During the Great Depression, her father frequently faced unemployment, so her mother became the breadwinner of the family. Phyllis put herself through college by working for a World War II munitions testing facility. She later graduated from Harvard's Radcliffe College with a master's in political science. Following graduation, she worked at conservative think tanks and successfully campaigned for Republican candidates in her hometown of St. Louis. In 1949, Phyllis married John Schlafly Jr., a wealthy lawyer who was 15 years her senior. In 1952, Phyllis decided to step into the spotlight and ran for Congress, pitching herself as a traditional wife and homemaker. Despite her victory in the primary, she lost the general election. Phyllis didn't have a lot of luck in electoral politics. She was closely associated with Barry Goldwater's losing presidential election in 1964. She lost the race for president of the National Federation of Republican Women in 1967 and lost another congressional race in 1970. Despite these electoral losses, Phyllis remained strident in her conservative ideology. She railed against communism, wrote books about national defense, hosted a radio show on national security, and received a law degree, all while advocating that the rightful role for women was in the home. In the 1970s, Phyllis's ideology collided with new legislation moving swiftly through Congress, the Equal Rights Amendment. The Equal Rights Amendment, or ERA, was designed to guarantee equal legal rights regardless of sex. Both houses in Congress had passed the amendment with more than 90% support. To become law, it needed to be ratified by 38 states. Phyllis decided that the ERA needed to be stopped. She founded and appointed herself chairwoman of the organization Stop ERA. Stop was an acronym for Stop Taking Our Privileges. The group was later renamed the Eagle Forum. Phyllis claimed the ERA threatened traditional roles for women. She warned it would take away privileges like exemption from the military draft, while also opening the door to conservative boogeymen like same-sex marriage and co-ed bathrooms. By the time Phyllis began her campaign in 1972, the ERA was just 10 states shy of being ratified. She needed to find a way to shift the cultural momentum. Just a year later, the Supreme Court legalized abortion. Phyllis realized she could use the decision to gain support for her anti-ERA crusade. She appealed to religious fundamentalists, arguing traditional family values were under attack. Phyllis's tactic worked. The ERA steadily lost public support and was narrowly defeated, achieving ratification in 35 out of 38 states. You can learn more about the ERA, its promises and status today, in season one of another WMN original show, Ordinary Equality. I highly recommend checking it out. Phyllis's successful campaign against the ERA made her a national conservative figure. It helped jumpstart the family values and anti-abortion movements, which are still championed by modern conservatives today. Phyllis remained the chairwoman of the Eagle Forum and continued to fight against progressive movements. She regularly voiced opposition to illegal immigration, ballots in languages other than English, Title IX and the introduction of AIDS education into public school curriculum. Phyllis died on September 5th, 2016 at her home in St. Louis. She was 92 years old. Phyllis Schlafly was one of the most influential conservatives in American politics. Her beliefs were shared in her monthly newsletter and syndicated newspaper columns, radio commentaries, talk shows, and regular lectures across college campuses. Her pro-family movement led to decades-long conservative victories across all three branches of government.
SPEAKER_03: What's the matter with being against sin? Now, seven of the 10 commandments are negative. Eight of the 10 articles in the American Bill of Rights are negative. In fact, the whole philosophy of government is saying what government cannot do. And that's the way you keep freedom. Is putting the shackles on government in order to keep them from doing things to you that you don't want them to do to you.
SPEAKER_04: All month we're talking about ragers. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Wamanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. Evidence-wise, we have virtually no evidence.
SPEAKER_08: In 1995, Detective Tony Richardson was trying to figure out who killed a fellow officer. The case comes down to who is believed and who is ignored. Oh my goodness, we did convict an innocent man. I'm Beth Shelburne from Lava for Good Podcasts. This is Ear Witness. Listen to Ear Witness on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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