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SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Wamanica. This month, we're highlighting ragers, women who use their anger, often righteous, though not always, to accomplish extraordinary things. Today, we're talking about a Puerto Rican nationalist whose radical approach turned her into the island's symbol for independence. Let's talk about Lolita Lebron. Let's talk about her. She was born on November 19th, 1919, in the small town of Lares, Puerto Rico, just 50 years after El Grito de Lares, the first major uprising against Spanish rule. As a child, Lolita's family was very poor. She was more concerned with surviving than with politics. That changed on Palm Sunday, 1937. She was a woman who was a woman who was a woman who was a woman who was a woman who was a woman who was a woman who was a woman who was a woman. The Puerto Rican Nationalist Party had organized a peaceful march in the city of Ponce to commemorate the abolition of slavery. The event turned violent when police began shooting, killing 17 people and leaving 200 wounded. It was the largest massacre in Puerto Rican history, and it left a mark on Lolita. A few years later, Lolita got married and had a daughter. But soon after, she left her family in Puerto Rico for a better life in America. Lolita was one of thousands of Puerto Ricans entering the labor force in New York City in the 1940s, and she began to see that the better life she'd hoped for was just a dream. She would often see signs in front of stores that read, "'No blacks, no dogs, no Puerto Ricans.'" Sick of the anti-Latino racism, Lolita joined the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Lolita was inspired by the party's work, especially the ideals of the president, Pedro Albizu Campos. Lolita became an active party member, rising in the ranks as a delegate of New York. But as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party's efforts ramped up, so did American suppression of the movement. In 1948, La Ley de la Mordaza, or the Gag Law, was signed. Suddenly, it was a crime to own or display a Puerto Rican flag, sing a patriotic tune, speak or write of independence, or hold any assembly in favor of Puerto Rican independence. The citizens of Puerto Rico were disgusted by the new law, and several uprisings took place across the island. Despite their outrage, in 1952, Puerto Rico was officially named a Commonwealth of the United States. Two years later, on March 1, 1954, Lolita Lebrón and three other Puerto Rican nationalists took a train from New York to Washington, D.C. The group entered the United States Capitol and sat in the visitors' gallery, while representatives engaged in talks below. Then, suddenly, Lolita stood up and screamed, ¡Viva Puerto Rico libre! and unfurled the Puerto Rican flag. The rest of the group then pulled out guns and they all began shooting. A total of 30 shots were fired, Lolita's shots aimed towards the ceiling. Five U.S. representatives were wounded in the attack, and the Puerto Rican nationalists were arrested. During her arrest, Lolita shouted, I did not come to kill anyone, I came to die for Puerto Rico. During Lolita's trial, she restated that she did not intend to harm anyone and that she was being crucified for the freedom of her country. Nevertheless, all four involved were found guilty of conspiracy and for trying to overthrow the government. Lolita was sentenced to 50 years in prison. During that time, she refused to apply for parole because she didn't want to apologize for her actions. After serving 25 years in prison, Lolita Lebrón and the surviving men were pardoned by President Jimmy Carter and released. Following her release, Lolita moved back to Puerto Rico. She continued to fight for Puerto Rican independence for the rest of her life, but this time renouncing violence as a tactic. Lolita is a polarizing figure in Puerto Rican culture. Some view her as a folk hero, while others call her a terrorist. People agree that her influence carries through to the modern day independence efforts, even though the island's future remains unclear. On August 1st, 2010, Lolita Lebrón died in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She was 90 years old. All month, we're talking about ragers. For more information, check us out on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
SPEAKER_06: Evidence-wise, we had virtually no evidence.
SPEAKER_04: In 1995, Detective Tony Richardson was trying to figure out who killed a fellow officer. The case comes down to who is believed and who is ignored. Oh my goodness, we did convict an innocent man. I'm Beth Shelburne from Lava for Good Podcasts. This is Ear Witness. Listen to Ear Witness on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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