Politicians: Sarojini Naidu

Episode Summary

The podcast episode is about Indian politician and activist Sarojini Naidu. Sarojini Naidu was born in 1879 in Hyderabad to a family of artists and academics. As a child, she began writing poetry and plays. She attended university in India and later went to England to study at King's College London and Girton College, Cambridge. While in England, Naidu became involved in the women's suffrage movement. This inspired her activism when she returned to India. In 1905, Naidu joined the Indian independence movement after the British partitioned Bengal. She began connecting with leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and speaking publicly about women's rights and independence. In 1917, Naidu helped form the Women's Indian Association to advocate for women's voting rights. She traveled to London twice to speak on behalf of Indian suffrage and home rule. In the 1920s, Naidu participated in Gandhi's nonviolent resistance campaigns. She was the first woman to preside over the Indian National Congress annual session in 1925. Throughout her activism, Naidu was frequently arrested for civil disobedience. After India gained independence in 1947, she became the first female governor of Uttar Pradesh. Sarojini Naidu was a pioneering feminist and anti-imperialist who fought for Indian independence and women's rights. She broke gender barriers as a political leader and inspired future civil rights activists with her poetic yet defiant brand of nonviolent resistance. Naidu died in 1949 at the age of 69.

Episode Show Notes

Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949) was known as “The Nightingale of India,” she was the first Indian woman to serve as both president of the Indian National Congress, and as an Indian state governor.

Episode Transcript

SPEAKER_04: Reboot your credit card with Apple Card. It gives you unlimited daily cash back that can earn 4.15% annual percentage yield when you open a savings account. A high yield, low effort way to grow your money with no fees. Apply for Apple Card now in the Wallet app on iPhone to start earning and growing your daily cash with savings today. Apple Card subject to credit approval. Savings is available to Apple Card owners subject to eligibility. Savings accounts by Goldman Sachs Bank USA. Member FDIC, terms apply. SPEAKER_03: Sick of paying $100 for groceries and getting nothing but eggs, orange juice, and a paper bag? Then download the Drop app. Drop lets you earn points with your everyday shopping and redeem them for gift cards. Want a free dinner with those groceries? Drop it. How about daily lattes? Drop it. So download Drop today and get $5 just for signing up. Use invite code GETDROP777. SPEAKER_05: How rude Tanneritos, a Full House rewatch podcast is here. Join us as hosts Jody Sweeten and Andrea Barber look back on their journey together as the iconic characters we all love, Stephanie Tanner and Kimmy Gibbler. Here's a quick preview brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. We spent our entire childhoods on a little show called Full House. Playing frenemies, but becoming besties whenever the cameras weren't rolling. And now 35 years later, it's our biggest adventure yet. SPEAKER_05: You can listen to How Rude Tanneritos on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. Brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. It's your journey. It may surprise you that a country SPEAKER_00: which you are taught to regard as conservative should have chosen a woman to be its representative and ambassador. SPEAKER_01: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today's politician was a feminist, poet and anti-imperialist activist who fought for women's suffrage. Known as the Nightingale of India, she was the first Indian woman to serve as both President of the Indian National Congress and as an Indian State Governor. Let's talk about Sarojini Naidu. Sarojini was born in 1879 in Hyderabad, a capital city in Southern India. Her father, a Bengali Brahmin, was the principal of Nizam College. Her mother was a poet. The family was well known in the area, respected as artists and academics. Sarojini was the oldest of eight children, several of whom went on to become prominent figures in their own rights. One brother was a revolutionary, another was a poet, actor and dramatist. As a child, Sarojini began writing plays and poems, first in Persian and later in English. At the age of 12, she entered the University of Madras, a public university in Chennai. In 1895, Sarojini enrolled at King's College in London. She later attended Girton College in Cambridge as well. While a student in England, Sarojini was drawn to the growing women's suffrage movement. She learned many of her early activism tactics from the suffragists, how to campaign, how to organize, how to orate and how to resist. After finishing her studies at the age of 19, Sarojini married a physician. They would ultimately go on to have five children. 1905 was a big year for Sarojini. She published her first collection of poetry, The Golden Threshold. She also got her start in politics. That year, in 1905, British authorities reorganized the Bengal Territory. The partition separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. Hindus in West Bengal were worried they would become minorities cut off from other Hindu communities. They saw it as yet another example of Great Britain's violent divide and rule policy, stoke conflict between Muslims and Hindus and ensure that Indian nationalism would never thrive. Inspired by the struggles of West Bengal, Sarojini joined the Indian independence movement. There, she began making connections with many of the country's most prominent political leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi. For several years, beginning in 1915, Sarojini traveled across India, speaking on the intersection of Indian independence and women's rights. In 1917, she helped establish the Women's Indian Association, which advocated for women's suffrage. That same year, Sarojini traveled to London to speak on universal suffrage in front of the Joint Select Committee. Two years later, she spoke in London again, this time on behalf of the Indian Home Rule movement. When she returned to India in 1920, she joined Gandhi's Satyagraha movement. The first half of that word means truth. The second, insistence. Together, it means holding on to the truth or holding on to the love. Popularized by Gandhi, the movement became a critical part of Gandhi's nonviolent resistance. It required followers to suffer the anger of opponents but never retaliate, to never follow an order given in anger, despite threats of violence. If elements of the movement sound familiar, that may be because Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was inspired by its teachings. In 1925, Sarojini presided over the annual session of the Indian National Congress. The INC was leading India's independence movement, and Sarojini was the first Indian woman to lead the party. In her address, Sarojini said, in the battle for liberty, fear is one unforgivable treachery and despair the one unforgivable sin. Sarojini carried that fearlessness through the rest of her life. As a leader in the independence movement, she was often arrested, sometimes alongside her daughter, for leading the Quit India movement and the Salt March. At one point, she spent 21 months in jail. After India won independence in 1947, Sarojini was appointed governor of Uttar Pradesh, the first woman governor in the country. She remained in office till the end of her life. On March 2nd, 1949, Sarojini Naidu died from cardiac arrest in Lucknow. She dedicated her life to fighting intersectional battles, finding strength in their similarities. With every new role, she broke gender and racial barriers. In drawing connections between struggles, Sarojini created a sort of poetic activism. Uplift one and you uplift all. All month, we're talking about politicians. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Wamanica Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Wamanica. And follow me directly on Twitter, at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. Before we go, we need to talk. The 2020 election is here, and we wanna make sure every eligible voter has the information they need to register to vote and to cast a ballot. We're teaming up with Rock the Vote to help you register and to make sure you have the resources you need. Don't wait until the last minute. Check out Rock the Vote's resources now to make sure you're ready and signed up to get any election-related updates at rockthevote.org. Your voice is powerful. Did you know that you're the biggest influencer of your friends and family? It's true. So take the time to talk with them about the importance of making sure their voter registration is up to date and share these resources with them. Go to rockthevote.org for more. Together, we have the power to decide our future. SPEAKER_06: AT&T and Verizon lure you in with their best phone offers, only to lock you into a three-year phone contract, not at T-Mobile. Now, with T-Mobile's best Go 5G plans, upgrade when you want. Every year or every two, you decide. Visit tmobile.com to take charge of your upgrades. SPEAKER_02: Get two-year financing on Go 5G Plus and Next. One-year upgrade on Go 5G Next requires financing a new qualifying device and upgrading in good condition after six-plus months with 50% paid off. Upgrade ends financing in any promo credits. See tmobile.com. SPEAKER_07: Do you hear it? The clock is ticking. It's time for the new season of 60 Minutes. The CBS News Sunday Night tradition is back for its 56th season with all-new big-name interviews, hard-hitting investigations, and epic adventures. No place, no one, no story is off limits, and you'll always learn something new. It's time for 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS and streaming on Paramount+. SPEAKER_08: When you visit a state as big and diverse as Texas, there are a million different trips you can take. Let's say you've got an appetite for whitewater kayaking. You can get your own, so this is why they call it Devil's River, Trip to Texas. Or maybe you have an actual appetite. I'll take a pint of brisket, six ribs, three links of sausage, and a piece of pecan pie. Trip to Texas. Go to traveltexas.com slash get-your-own for the only trip to Texas that matters. Yours.