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SPEAKER_03: 10, 8, 8, 1, again. Hello. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today we're talking about a woman who was out of this world, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova.
SPEAKER_08: Distinguished passenger arriving at London airport was the woman who last June made 49 orbits of the earth, Valentina Tereshkova. She was invited here to receive the gold medal of the Interplanetary Society. Wherever she goes, the woman cosmonaut is ensured of a warm-hearted reception.
SPEAKER_03: Valentina was born in 1937 in a small Russian village on the Volga River. Her father passed away when she was two during the Finnish Winter War and her mother raised Valentina and her two siblings while working in a cotton mill. Valentina didn't start school until she was 10 years old and she left when she was 16. She continued her education via correspondence courses from a technical school. From a young age, Valentina showed an interest in parachuting. She trained at the local Aero Club for skydiving and jumped for the first time when she was 21. Meanwhile, Valentina was working at a local textile factory. She was also competing as a parachutist, but she kept it a secret from her family. Still, the secret didn't last. Her skydiving expertise led to her ultimate career. She became an astronaut. It was the height of the Cold War and the United States and the Soviet Union were battling for dominance here on Earth and out in space. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union won the first round of the space race when an intercontinental ballistic missile launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite.
SPEAKER_09: Moscow newspapers were first. Then headlines around the world echoed the news. Russia had blasted a man-made moon into outer space. On every continent and in every land, the story of Sputnik 1 dominated the front pages. The Soviets had scored a scientific first and the Moscow propaganda mill busily trumpeted the news.
SPEAKER_03: The U.S. rushed to match the efforts and the battle for scientific supremacy continued. Valentina was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and in 1962, she was chosen to join the female cosmonaut corps. She was a sought-after candidate, partially due to the fact that her father had died a war hero. Valentina's first mission took place on June 16, 1963, when she became the first woman to travel to space. She orbited the Earth 48 times and spent nearly three days in space, racking up more flight time than all of the American astronauts who'd flown before her. She maintained a detailed flight log and took photographs of the horizon. After her flight, the photos Valentina took were used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. Valentina also then enrolled at the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy, where she earned a degree for cosmonaut engineering. Valentina was recruited for several political positions due to her fame as a public figure. Most notably, she was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. She was also a major general in the Russian Air Force. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Valentina Tereshkova lost her political power, but she kept her prestige. She's still celebrated as a hero. Tune in tomorrow for the story of another incredible pioneer. We're heading west to talk about one of the great British monarchs. Special shout-out to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my sister and the brain behind this incredible collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow.
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