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SPEAKER_04: Hello and welcome back. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Encyclopedia Womanica. When you think Hollywood icon, you may think Audrey Hepburn, Marilyn Monroe, or Meryl Streep. And yet, their popularity, impact, and legacy hail in comparison with today's pioneer. Today we're talking about the OG Hollywood icon, Mary Pickford. Mary Pickford was born Gladys Smith in 1892 in Toronto, Canada. After her father was killed, Gladys began performing in Toronto theater to support her family.
SPEAKER_04: She was nearly as ambitious as she was talented. And in 1907, Gladys made her way to New York City. There, she changed her name to Mary Pickford and began her Broadway career. In 1909, Mary was between stage engagements when she introduced herself to a young D.W. Griffith, a well-known director in the burgeoning motion picture industry. She asked if he had any work. At the time, movies were still a bit of a niche genre. Acting on screen didn't carry the prestige of acting on Broadway, and Mary had no intention of working in the new medium permanently. But her skepticism didn't last. Mary continued working for D.W. Griffith's New York-based company as both an actress and writer from 1909 to 1911. In 1913, she decided to leave Broadway altogether and signed her first feature motion picture contract with Adolph Zuker and the famous Players Film Company. It was the dawn of the feature motion picture industry as we know it, and Mary Pickford, whether she knew it or not, had just signed up to become its biggest star. Mary's name grew in stature, along with the growth and popularity of movies themselves. She earned the nickname Moving Picture Mary, and in 1911, she appeared on the cover of the New York Dramatic Mirror. In 1914, she starred in her first feature film, Tess of the Storm Country, and almost overnight, she became a household name. Mary's success gave her a huge amount of bargaining power, which she used to great effect. In 1916, she signed a contract she negotiated herself that gave her a $10,000 weekly salary, 50% of her film profits, and her own production company. She had complete creative control of her films and had to sign off on nearly every aspect, including the script and the director. She was often also involved in the editing process. In 1919, at just 27 years old, Mary co-founded United Artists with Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith, and Douglas Fairbanks. United Artists was the very first independent film distribution company, and it's still in business today. Mary and Douglas Fairbanks, one of the other top movie actors of the day, decided to enter into another kind of partnership, too. They got married.
SPEAKER_01: And one of America's biggest thrills is 1920 marriage of Mary Pickford to equally famous Douglas Fairbanks. Now America's sweetheart and Hollywood's most dashing hero are just Mary and Doug, world's most wonderful man and wife.
SPEAKER_04: Initially, there was concern that the marriage would face backlash, as both actors were married to other people when they met. But after going public, Mary and Douglas found that their story fed into the romantic fantasies that fueled fan interest in Hollywood and its stars. They were mobbed by crowds of fans everywhere they went and were known as the king and queen of Hollywood. Mary continued to make hit film after hit film throughout the 1920s. In 1929, the industry faced radical change. Silent movies were swiftly replaced by talking pictures. Mary made two talkies that year and won an Academy Award.
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SPEAKER_04: But her success waned in the early 1930s, and by 1933, after making films for 23 years, Mary retired from acting. In case you haven't gotten enough, here are some final fun facts about film pioneer and legend Mary Pickford. Mary was one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the organization behind the Oscars. She was one of the earliest stars to get billing under her own name and is credited as having created and popularized the ingenue archetype in film. And finally, Mary's considered one of the greatest Canadian film stars of all time and one of the earliest Canadian pioneers in feature film. Tune in tomorrow for the story of another incredible pioneer. We'll be talking about a lady who invented grits and received the first ever English patent in the 13 colonies that became the United States. As always, special thanks to my sister, Liz Kaplan, who's the genius researcher behind this collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow.
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