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SPEAKER_04: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Encyclopedia Womanica. I'm so excited to welcome you to our very first episode. This month, we're focusing on pioneers, women who accomplished firsts. Today, we're talking about an iconically funny lady who changed the face of Hollywood. This Lucille Ball.
SPEAKER_09: Lucille Desiree and her family are the first to see her.
SPEAKER_04: Lucille Desiree Ball was an actress, comedian, model, studio exec, and producer. Her career began in 1929, when she started working as a model in New York City. She then found her way onto Broadway and scored some small parts in several movies where her comedic chops and commitment to roles were quickly noticed. During that time, she also met a Cuban band leader named Desi Arnaz. The two eloped in November 1940. Eight years later, Lucille was cast as Liz Cooper, a wacky wife in a CBS radio program called My Favorite Husband. Based on its success, CBS asked Lucille to develop it for TV. She agreed, but she insisted on working with her real husband, Desi. It's hard to imagine now, but at the time, studio execs were not so keen on the idea. They thought the American public wouldn't accept an all-American woman and a Cuban man as a couple. So Lucille and Desi went on the road with the STAGE Act to test the concept. It was a major success, and CBS put I Love Lucy into its 1951 lineup. It became one of the most beloved TV shows in history and dominated US ratings for most of its run. Lucille and Desi lived in LA during the development and filming of I Love Lucy, and they weren't so keen on moving to New York, where much of the TV industry was based. Because prime time in LA is too late for people on the East Coast, production costs in LA were much greater. That's why New York was still a hub. CBS wasn't thrilled about Lucille and Desi's demands to film in LA, and initially, they refused. But the couple, in an incredibly savvy business move, agreed to take pay cuts on the front end in exchange for filming in their hometown, as long as the couple's production company, Desilu, got to retain the rights to the show for any reruns. CBS was more than happy with the arrangement, as networks at the time didn't see the value in a show after it first ran. But once CBS realized the value of broadcast syndication, they bought back those rights from Desilu for $1 million in 1957. That's the equivalent of about $8.9 million today. Through I Love Lucy, Desilu pioneered techniques that are still used in TV production today. They filmed before a live studio audience with a number of cameras and distinct sets positioned next to each other. I Love Lucy propelled Lucille Ball to stardom. It was also, at the time, a potential means for her to salvage her marriage. Lucille and Desi's relationship had always been volatile, but became even more strained over time, partially because of their hectic performing schedules and partially due to Desi's attraction to other women. They divorced in 1960, but remained lifelong friends. When the couple divorced, Lucille bought out Desi's shares of their production company and became actively engaged as the studio head. She was the first woman to lead a major studio. Desilu Productions produced many popular and successful TV shows, including Mission Impossible and Star Trek. Lucille acted throughout her life and received a slew of awards, including four Emmys, the Golden Globe's Cecile B. DeMille Award, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Kennedy Center. Beyond I Love Lucy, she also starred in The Lucy Show, Here's Lucy, and Life with Lucy, as well as comedy specials called The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour. She also taught a comedy workshop and famously said, you cannot teach someone comedy. Either they have it or they don't. Lucille Ball used her incredible talent and comedic timing to change the TV landscape and to fight for social progress. Tune in tomorrow for the story of another incredible pioneer. Special thanks to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my sister and the brain behind this incredible collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow.
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