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SPEAKER_02: Hello, and welcome back. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Womanica. Today, let's talk about the woman you can thank for the advent of modern forensic science and the vast cornucopia of CSI-style TV shows. Known as the mother of forensic science, meet our pioneer of the day, Frances Glessner-Lee. Frances was born in Chicago in 1878 to a wealthy, high-society family. She and her brother were schooled at home by private tutors, but only her brother was allowed to go to college. Instead, Frances did what was expected of her and married a Chicago lawyer, but the marriage quickly ended in divorce. Though she found her passion relatively early, it wasn't until later in life that Frances pursued her real interest. George Burris McGrath, a friend of her brothers from Harvard, first introduced Frances to the concept of forensic science. He was studying to become a doctor at Harvard Medical School at the time, and had developed a particular interest in death investigations. When George visited the Glessner family in Chicago, he and Frances would discuss his studies, and it soon became apparent that Frances shared his fascination. But over the years, when Frances expressed interest in becoming more involved in the study of forensic pathology, she was completely discouraged by the men in her family. It wasn't until a full year after her brother's death in 1930 that Frances finally started following her dreams, embarking on a journey to discover how detectives might better uncover clues. At that point, she was 52 years old. With the family fortune she inherited, Frances decided to endow the Harvard Department of Legal Medicine and the George Burris McGrath Library, also at Harvard. It was the first department of forensic medicine in the country. Frances also endowed the Harvard Association in Police Science, an organization that's still active today. The Frances Glessner Lee Homicide Division is named in her honor. The Harvard Association in Police Science was a driving force in changing over from the antiquated coroner system to professionalized system based on forensic pathology in the US. During the 1940s and 1950s, Frances hosted semi-annual homicide investigation seminars that were major events for the crime solving community. During each week long conference, detectives, prosecutors, and other criminal investigators came together from across the country to learn about and discuss the newest developments in forensics. The week ended with the lavish banquet thrown by Frances at the Ritz-Carlton. These seminars became famous for something called the Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death that were presented by Frances each year. The Nutshell Studies were built by hand by Frances herself. They were intricately and meticulously constructed dioramas of actual crime scenes, complete with working doors, windows, and lights. Each of the 20 dollhouse sized models was based on an especially tricky case, and each was designed to test the abilities of investigators to collect all relevant evidence. The model showed multiple causes of death and were based on cases where Frances herself had been able to attend the autopsy and crime scene. As a result, the attention to detail in the models is astonishing. The models had working mouse traps and rocking chairs and real life and scene accurate food in the kitchens. Plus, the corpses accurately represented the discoloration or bloating that was present at the crime scene. Each element was created by Frances herself, and a single model cost $3,000 to $4,500 to create. Investigators were given 90 minutes to study each scene. 18 of the original dioramas are still used for training homicide investigators today, so the solutions are kept as tightly held secrets. They're housed at the Maryland office of the chief medical examiner, but you may also be able to find them elsewhere. They're often loaned out on display as they're now considered works of art. For her contributions to the advancement of forensic science, Frances was made an honorary captain in the New Hampshire State Police in 1943, making her the first woman to join the International Association of Chiefs of Police. And finally, in perhaps the greatest act of homage to incredible pioneer, Frances was reportedly the inspiration for Jessica Fletcher in Murder, She Wrote.
SPEAKER_09: Tonight on Murder, She Wrote.
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SPEAKER_02: Tune in tomorrow for the story of another incredible pioneer. We'll be talking about a woman who won the Nobel Peace Prize. Special thanks to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my sister and the incredible researcher behind this amazing collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow.
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