Musicians: Kassia of Constantinople

Episode Summary

The podcast episode is from the series Encyclopedia Wamanica, hosted by Jenny Kaplan. This episode focuses on the medieval female composer Kassia of Constantinople. Kassia was born around 805 CE to a wealthy family in Constantinople. She was known as a beautiful and brilliant young woman who participated in the “Bride Show,” an event where Byzantine Emperor Theophilus chose his wife. Although Theophilus was captivated by Kassia, he ultimately rejected her and she later founded an abbey outside Constantinople in 843, serving as its first abbess. At the abbey, Kassia spent time writing spiritual poetry and composing hymnal music to accompany her poems. She wrote nearly 250 hymns in her lifetime, with 50 surviving to this day and 23 still included in the Orthodox Church’s liturgy. Her most famous hymn is traditionally chanted on Holy Wednesday in Orthodox churches around the world. Legend has it that years later, Theophilus visited Kassia’s empty abbey cell wishing to see her again and added a line to her unfinished “Hymn of Kassia,” which remains in the hymn today. Although Theophilus maintained an affection for Kassia, as a staunch iconoclast he persecuted her for her defense of using icons in the Byzantine church. Towards the end of her life, Kassia traveled to Italy and Greece, settling on the island of Kassos where she died between 867-890 CE. She was later canonized by the Orthodox Church as Saint Cassiani.

Episode Show Notes

Kassia of Constantinople (c. 805-c. 867) was one of the only known women to have composed music during the Medieval period whose work survives to present day, and can be understood and performed by modern musicians.

Episode Transcript

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Started by me taking the Care Of online quiz to figure out what vitamins and supplements are right for me. And I've now been using all the Care Of products I received for about a month. I have to say, I highly recommend doing this for yourself. I've never been very good about taking my vitamins regularly. But because Care Ofs come in these nice packets, I find it really easy to take them every day and I really am feeling great. Care Of's products are formulated with good for you, clean ingredients that are backed by science. They're super transparent about the research and sourcing behind every product, which is important to me. I want to know what I'm putting in my body. Check it out for yourself. Go to TakeCareOf.com and use the code INSCYCLOPEDIA for 50% off your first Care Of order. That's TakeCareOf.com and use the code INSCYCLOPEDIA for 50% off, 5-0% off your order. Hello. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today's musician was one of the only known women to have composed music during the medieval period. She was one of the first medieval composers whose work survives to present day and can be understood and performed by modern musicians. A brilliant composer, poet, and hymnographer, her work is still performed regularly in the Orthodox Church, which includes 23 of her hymns in its liturgy. Please welcome Cassia of Constantinople. Cassia was born around the year 805 in Constantinople to a wealthy family of some influence. We know little about her early life. What we do know is that she was considered an exceptionally beautiful and brilliant young woman. Cassia was first recorded by Byzantine historians as taking part in what was known as the Bride Show. This was an event at which Byzantine emperors and royalty would choose a wife from amongst the most eligible women in the empire, giving the winning participant a golden apple as a token of victory. The Bride Show that Cassia attended was thrown for the young, soon-to-be emperor Theophilus, who was immediately captivated by Cassia. When Theophilus approached Cassia, he stated that, through a woman came forth the baser things, to which Cassia quickly replied, and through a woman came forth the better things. Theophilus was so taken aback by Cassia's biting rebuke that he rejected her in favor of another woman, Theodora. After losing her chance to become Empress of Byzantium, Cassia founded an abbey in 843 right outside of Constantinople and served as its first abbess. Many historians have suggested that Cassia's move into monastic life was a response to her rejection from Theophilus, but some modern scholars have revisited that assumption and now believe that it was likely a reflection of the intense religious fervor of the day, combined with Cassia's desire to have access to the books and centers of learning that were part and parcel of Byzantine religious life. Over the subsequent two decades living at the monastery, Cassia spent significant time writing spiritual poetry and hymnal music to accompany her poems. Though it's unclear where she learned musical composition, she wrote nearly 250 hymns over her lifetime. Fifty of those hymns still survive, 23 of which continue to be included, even today, in the liturgy of the Orthodox Church. Cassia also wrote nearly 800 epigrams, many of which are examples of nomic verse. Cassia's most famous hymn, known as the Hymn of Cassia, is traditionally chanted on Holy Wednesday in Orthodox churches around the world. It's considered one of the hardest Byzantine chants to perform because it requires an incredibly wide vocal range. Legend has it that the Emperor Theophilus, years later wishing to see Cassia one more time, went to the monastery but was met by her empty cell. Supposedly she was actually hiding in her closet. When he saw the Hymn of Cassia on her table halfway finished, Theophilus added one line of his own. The story goes that Cassia chose to keep it in his honor and it remains in the hymn today. While Theophilus may have maintained an affection for Cassia, that didn't stop him from persecuting her. Theophilus was a fierce iconoclast, meaning that he completely rejected the use or veneration of religious icons or iconography in the Byzantine church. Cassia, on the other hand, was a defender of the use of icons. For her perceived insolence, Cassia was whipped with a lash. Still, she refused to change her mind, saying, I hate silence when it is time to speak. Towards the end of her life, Cassia left the abbey and traveled to Italy for a brief period before eventually settling on the island of Kassos in Greece. She died there sometime between 867 and 890. Following her death, Cassia was canonized by the Orthodox Church as Saint Cassiani, also known as Cassiani the Hymnographer. SPEAKER_03: Tune in tomorrow for the story of another musician. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanika Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanika. And you can find me on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to my favorite sister and co-creator, Liz Kaplan. Talk to you tomorrow. SPEAKER_06: Take charge of your upgrades. Get two year financing on Go5G Plus and Next. One year SPEAKER_00: upgrade on Go5G Next requires financing new qualifying device and upgrading in good condition after six plus months with 50% paid off. Upgrade ends financing in any promo credits. CTMobile.com. SPEAKER_02: An epic matchup between your two favorite teams and you're at the game getting the most from what it means to be here with American Express. You breeze through the card member entrance, stop by the lounge. Now it's almost tip off and everyone's already on their feet. This is going to be good. 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