Musicians: Gertrude “Ma” Rainey

Episode Summary

Paragraph 1: The podcast episode focuses on blues singer and pioneer Gertrude "Ma" Rainey. Ma Rainey was born in the 1880s in Georgia and got her start performing in minstrel and vaudeville shows as a teenager. She married fellow performer William "Pa" Rainey in 1904 and they formed a successful double act touring the South. Paragraph 2: In 1916, Ma Rainey started her own show after separating from her husband. Her show incorporated vaudeville elements but focused on her singing authentic Southern blues music. Ma became known for her powerful, full voice and honest lyrics about the lives of black women. She was openly bisexual and sang boldly about female and male relationships. Paragraph 3: Ma Rainey began recording with Paramount Records in 1923, eventually recording nearly 100 songs and mentoring younger musicians like Bessie Smith. However, by the late 1920s her popularity declined. She retired in the 1930s, though her music continued to influence later generations. In 2004, the Library of Congress recognized her song "C.C. Rider Blues" in the National Recording Registry. She was also the inspiration behind the play and film Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.

Episode Show Notes

Gertrude “Ma” Rainey (c.1886-1939) was known as the Mother of the Blues. With her full, deep throated voice and lyrics that celebrated the liberation of Black women, this musician influenced the genre of blues for generations to come.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_05: AT&T and Verizon lure you in with their best phone offers only to lock you into a three-year phone contract, not at T-Mobile. Now, with T-Mobile's best Go 5G plans, upgrade when you want. Every year or every two, you decide. Visit T-Mobile.com to take charge of your upgrades. SPEAKER_06: Get two-year financing on Go 5G Plus and Next. One-year upgrade on Go 5G Next requires financing a new qualifying device and upgrading in good condition after six plus months with 50% paid off. Upgrade ends financing in any promo credits. Visit T-Mobile.com. SPEAKER_03: Hi friends, I'm Alison Russell. I'm a Grammy nominated singer, songwriter, poet, and activist. All month, I'll be your guest host for Wamanaka as we explore the contributions of black women in music. Today's musician was known as the mother of the blues with her full deep throated voice and lyrics that celebrated the liberation of black women. This musician was a pioneer in her field and influenced the genre of blues for generations to come. Let's talk about Ma Rainey. Ma Rainey was born Gertrude Pridget in Columbus, Georgia in 1886, although some sources say she may have been born in Alabama in 1882. Gertrude's parents were minstrel performers. Gertrude herself first performed when she was 14 years old in a local talent show in a piece called A Bunch of Blackberries. Soon afterwards, Gertrude began a career traveling across the South and Midwest with a variety of minstrel shows and vaudeville performance troupes. The shows were usually made up of a varied collection of short performances, skits, dance numbers, and songs. While on the road, Gertrude was introduced to Southern country blues, and she started incorporating the musical style into her performances. In 1904, when she was 18, Gertrude married a fellow performer, William Rainey, or Pa Rainey. They formed a double act, going by Ma and Pa Rainey. Together, they toured with many famous groups for over a decade. Then in 1916, the couple separated. Ma started her own show, Madame Gertrude Ma Rainey, and her Georgia Smart set. Parts of the show were traditionally vaudeville. It included jazz numbers by her band, a chorus girl performance, and comedy routines. But then, Ma Rainey would sing. SPEAKER_01: I don't care this moment Don't know the way to go SPEAKER_03: Her music was inspired by authentic black Southern blues. She became known for her full strong voice, her moaning style of singing, and the content of her lyrics. Her songs were honest depictions of black female life. Ma, who was openly bisexual, sang about women who were attracted to women and men. She sang about women who were defiant and independent, even in the midst of sadness or heartbreak. Women who were sometimes vengeful and violent. Angela Davis wrote that the women in Ma's songs explicitly celebrate their right to conduct themselves as expansively and even as undesirably as men. On stage, Ma wore flashy clothing and bright jewelry, sometimes even a necklace made out of real $20 bills. When she opened her mouth to sing, audiences would see the gold in her teeth sparkling. Her show was a huge success, popular among black and white audiences. In 1923, Ma signed a recording contract with Paramount Records. In the span of five years, she recorded nearly 100 songs, making her one of the earliest recorded blues musicians. She also was a mentor to many young musicians, like the legendary blues singer Bessie Smith, who occasionally toured with Ma and was also rumored to be her romantic partner. But by the late 1920s, Ma's popularity had begun to wane. Paramount dropped her from their label. In the 1930s, Paramount went bankrupt and stopped all production of her records. In 1935, Ma returned to Columbus, Georgia to live with her brother. She used her earnings to start two theaters in the city. Four years later, on December 22nd, 1939, she died at age 53 of heart failure. Today, Ma Rainey's story is still being remembered. In 2004, the Library of Congress added her 1924 recording of C.C. Rider Blues, which featured a young Louis Armstrong on the trumpet, to their National Recording Registry. And she was the inspiration behind August Wilson's 1982 play, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and the 2021 Netflix film of the same name. All month long, we're highlighting Black musicians. Wamanaka is a Wonder Media Network production. Special thanks to co-creators Jenny and Liz Kaplan, who invited me to guest host this month. Talk to you tomorrow. SPEAKER_05: AT&T and Verizon lure you in with their best phone offers, only to lock you into a three-year phone contract, not at T-Mobile. Now, with T-Mobile's best Go 5G plans, upgrade when you want. 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