Musicians: Florence Price

Episode Summary

The podcast episode is about Florence Price, a pioneering African-American classical composer and musician. Florence Price was born in 1887 in Little Rock, Arkansas. She was a musical prodigy from a young age, publishing her first composition at 11 years old. Price studied at the New England Conservatory of Music, where she earned degrees in organ and piano. In the 1910s, Price taught music and served as head of the music department at Clark Atlanta University. She married lawyer Thomas J. Price in 1912, and the couple moved to Little Rock, Arkansas. There, Florence Price started her own music studio teaching piano and music theory. After facing racial violence and threats, the Prices moved to Chicago in 1927. In Chicago, Price studied composition and published works for piano. After divorcing her abusive husband, Price supported her family by working as an organist for silent films and writing songs for radio advertisements. Her career took off when she won a competition with her Symphony in E Minor in 1932. The following year, this symphony was performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, making Price the first African-American woman composer to have her work played by a major orchestra. Price composed orchestral pieces, chamber works, art songs, and spiritual arrangements. Her music blended Black cultural heritage with classical traditions. A highlight was Marian Anderson's performance of Price's arrangement of "My Soul is Anchored in the Lord" at the Lincoln Memorial concert in 1939. Price continued performing and composing until her death in 1953. Though overlooked during her lifetime, there has been a revival of interest in Price's pioneering work in recent decades. Recordings of her compositions have increased, thanks in part to a discovery of many of her musical scores in 2009.

Episode Show Notes

Florence Price (1887-1953) was the first African-American woman to have her music performed by a major American orchestra.

Episode Transcript

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Go to Blinkist.com slash encyclopedia and try it free for seven days and save 25% off your new subscription. That's Blinkist, spelled B-L-I-N-K-I-S-T. Blinkist.com slash encyclopedia to start your free seven day trial. You'll also save 25% off, but only when you sign up at Blinkist.com slash encyclopedia. Check it out. Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. All month we're talking about musicians, women whose musical talents shaped history and the music industry. Today's musician was an American classical composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher. She was the first African-American woman to have her music performed by a major American orchestra. Though she wrote more than 300 musical compositions, her works didn't receive the widespread attention they deserved until after her death. Let's talk about Florence Price. Florence Price was born into a middle-class family in 1887 in Little Rock, Arkansas. Her father was a dentist. Her mother was a music teacher who greatly influenced Florence's early music education. By the age of four, Florence had her first piano performance. By 11, Florence's first composition was published. At just 14, Florence graduated as valedictorian from her high school and entered the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. A remarkable talent, she earned two degrees, organ and piano, in three years. Florence's early adulthood was dedicated to teaching and teaching music. She held teaching positions in Arkansas before moving to Atlanta, where, in 1910, she became the head of the music department of what's now Clark Atlanta University, a historically Black college. In 1912, Florence married lawyer Thomas J. Price, and the couple moved back to Little Rock. Despite her qualifications, Florence was denied membership to the State Music Teachers Association, but she didn't give up. She created a new career in music. In 1912, Florence gave up. She created her own music studio, teaching piano and music theory to her students. After a series of incidents perpetrated against the Black community, including the lynching of several African American men in 1927, Florence and Thomas decided to move to Chicago out of fear for their safety. In Chicago, Florence had the chance to study music composition with leading teachers of the day. She published four pieces for piano. In 1931, she filed for a divorce from her husband, who'd been abusive. That left Florence in the position of being a single mother with two daughters. To make ends meet, she performed as an organist for silent film screenings and composed songs for radio ads under the pen name VJ. Around that time, Florence was rooming with a friend and fellow Black pianist and composer Margaret Bonds. Margaret connected Florence with poet Langston Hughes and contralto Marian Anderson, who we previously highlighted this month. Both would become great collaborators of Florence's. In 1932, Florence's career really took off. She took home the winning prize in the Wanamaker Foundation Awards for her symphony in E minor. This work later premiered with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1933, thereby making history. Florence was the first Black woman composer to have her work performed by a major American orchestra. Florence wrote other orchestral pieces, chamber works, art songs, and violin, piano, and spiritual arrangements. Her popular works include Moon Bridge and Songs to a Dark Virgin. Florence's musical style blended elements of Black cultural heritage with classical composition. One of the major highlights of her life was also a renowned moment in the Civil Rights Movement. In 1939, famed opera singer and friend Marian Anderson performed before a crowd of 75,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial. The final song of the recital was Florence's arrangement of My Soul is Anchored in the Lord. Alicia Lola Jones much later wrote for NPR that this moment captured the sound of Black sisterhood as both women amplified each other's voices through the politics of concert performance. In 1940, Florence was inducted into the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers. In 1949, she published two of her spiritual arrangements, which included I Am Bound for the Kingdom and dedicated them to Marian Anderson. SPEAKER_07: I am bound for the kingdom I am bound for the kingdom SPEAKER_01: I am bound for the kingdom Florence continued to perform and compose until she died of a stroke in Chicago on June 3, 1953. But her legacy lives on. Florence was successful despite being everything a composer was not supposed to be at that time. She succeeded as a Black woman in a white man's field. In 1964, an elementary school was renamed in her honor. In 2015, a documentary of her life called The Caged Bird, The Life and Music of Florence B. Price, was released. And in recent years, recordings of her work have increased. This is in part due to a 2009 discovery of a large bundle of her music in a small cabin in St. Anne, Illinois. This included dozens of her scores, two violin concertos, and her fourth symphony. All month, we're talking about musicians. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanaka Weekly. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanaka. And you can find me directly on Twitter, at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. SPEAKER_02: An epic matchup between your two favorite teams, and you're at the game getting the most from what it means to be here with American Express. You breeze through the card member entrance, stop by the lounge. Now it's almost tip-off, and everyone's already on their feet. This is gonna be good. See how to elevate your life sports experience at americanexpress.com slash with Amex. 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