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SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica. This month we're talking about mischief makers. Oddballs, chameleons, and nonconformists. Queens of quick wit. Every year, the streets of Rio transform into both party venue and dance floor. Trucks equipped with stages carry live performers through the streets, while dancers adorned in feathers and rhinestones are the ones who dance samba. It's a celebration ahead of Lent, the 40-day period leading up to Easter. But it's also a celebration of Brazil's African roots and the country's diverse culture. The festival, known as Carnaval, is world-renowned. But 100 years ago, the samba music you'll now hear proudly playing through Rio was heavily policed, and the festival's African influences were quashed. Today's stealthy and savvy Womanican helped keep the music going. Thanks to her, we have samba music as we know it today. Let's meet Aunt Ciatá. Before she became known as Aunt Ciatá, Hilaria Batista de Almeida was born in the Brazilian state of Bahia. She moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1876 when she was 22 years old. There, she lived in a neighborhood known as Little Africa, where many residents were Afro-Brazilian. Each day, Aunt Ciatá set out in her usual, layered, lacy white skirts to sell home-cooked sweets out of a food stall. At home, Aunt Ciatá transformed her house into a meeting point for the community. She was a great cook, a supporter of Little Africa's art and culture, and a venerated high priestess. She practiced kendomblé, an African diasporic religion popular in Brazil. She soon became a well-respected spiritual leader, earning her the affectionate title of Aunt Ciatá. At night, she hosted parties at her home. But they weren't just any parties, they were celebrations of life. The ruling class of Brazil had heavily restricted samba music. They were threatened by its connections to Afro-Brazilian religious practices. Police arrested samba musicians, destroyed their instruments, and killed their children. Police arrested samba musicians, destroyed their instruments, and shut down any parties playing samba. Despite this hostile climate, Aunt Ciatá transformed her home into a training ground for samba. In her front hall, she asked musicians to play choro music, another fast-paced, Rio-based genre that authorities considered less threatening than samba. It still used loud brass and strings. That way, when police came, she could say she was hosting a choro gathering. The trick allowed parties to continue until the wee hours of the morning, or longer. Some parties lasted five to seven days. In her backyard, the distinctive sound of samba drums was less likely to travel to the surrounding streets and catch any unwanted attention. People danced samba de rota, while live musicians played song after song. Aunt Ciatá's home was literally the birthplace of the samba genre. According to some accounts, the first ever recorded samba song, Pelo Tello Fone, was composed in Aunt Ciatá's home in 1916. Aunt Ciatá enjoyed hosting parties so much that if there wasn't a birthday or a candomblé holiday to celebrate, she would make one up, so she had an excuse to throw a party. Eventually, Aunt Ciatá's samba gatherings gained greater notoriety, and her reputation as a spiritual leader grew. As the story goes, the president of Brazil was suffering from a long-term infection in his leg. He sought out Aunt Ciatá's spiritual knowledge. Her herbal treatment healed his seemingly unhealable leg in a matter of three days. Her expertise won the president over. By the late 1910s, Aunt Ciatá no longer hid her parties from the police. Samba was still prohibited, and any samba party required a police license. But Aunt Ciatá was never turned down. Her parties continued to grow and attracted Afro-Brazilians and white aristocrats alike. As Carnaval itself grew in scope, and samba became a pillar of the celebration, revelers always stopped by her house to pay respects to the woman who helped samba take root in Rio. In 1924, Aunt Ciatá passed away. Her legacy lives on as a matriarch who helped cement samba as a cornerstone of Brazil's national identity. All month, we're talking about Mischief Makers. For more information, check us out on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
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