Mavericks & Legends: Helen Keller

Episode Summary

Helen Keller was born in 1880 in Alabama. At 19 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to illness. At age 6, she began working with teacher Anne Sullivan, who taught her to communicate by spelling words into her hand. Keller learned to read braille, speak, and attended college, graduating from Radcliffe in 1904. Keller became a renowned author, lecturer and political activist. She wrote several books and spoke around the world in support of disability rights. She helped found the ACLU and advocated for the release of disabled people from asylums. Keller broke barriers for the deaf and blind by proving they were not inferior. She promoted education reforms and inspired future generations. While not without controversy in her views, Keller's determination helped pave the way for disability rights and changed perceptions of the capabilities of the deaf and blind.

Episode Show Notes

Helen Keller (1880-1968) was an author, lecturer and political activist, who relentlessly proved society wrong and paved the way for disability rights around the world.

Episode Transcript

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Join us as hosts Jody Sweeten and Andrea Barber look back on their journey together as the iconic characters we all love, Stephanie Tanner and Kimmy Gibbler. Here's a quick preview brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. We spent our entire childhoods on a little show called Full House. Playing frenemies, but becoming besties whenever the cameras weren't rolling. And now 35 years later, it's our biggest adventure yet. SPEAKER_05: You can listen to How Rude Tanneritos on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. Brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. It's your journey. SPEAKER_00: ["How Rude Tanneritos Is"] Happily, Helen's visit coincides with the birthday of a pupil. But her mere presence today is a birthday gift to the deaf and sightless everywhere. For here is an inspiring living example of what hope and determination can do. SPEAKER_09: It makes me proud to see how very peacefully you've overcome obstacles. It makes me proud to see how you're overcoming difficulties. You have a step and a road you are to live in. I know every step of the road you have taken. And who lives and who art, who lives, who's trying to live and ventures. And when you go out to life, struggles and adventures, you will raise a banner for the deaf who follow you. SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today we're talking about an author, lecturer, and political activist who relentlessly proved society wrong and paved the way for disability rights around the world. Let's talk about Helen Keller. Helen Keller was born on June 27th, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Due to a childhood illness, Helen became blind and deaf at the age of around 19 months. When she was six years old, Helen was examined by Alexander Graham Bell, who sent her to Anne Sullivan, a 20-year-old teacher at the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. After a few months of instruction with Anne, Helen learned how to associate objects with fingerspelled words on her palm. She learned to read raised words on cardboard and to communicate by arranging words in a frame. Plus, she learned braille. In 1890, Helen learned of another deaf and blind girl in Norway who learned how to speak. She told Anne that she wanted to do the same. Anne turned to Sarah Fuller, a teacher at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf. Helen eagerly learned how to speak by feeling her teacher's mouth. She could pick up accents by detecting which syllables were longer than others. When she was 14 years old, Helen enrolled in the Wright-Humanson School for the Deaf in New York City. Two years later, she started attending the Cambridge School for Young Ladies in Massachusetts. She was admitted to Radcliffe College in 1900 and graduated with honors in 1904. Helen grew up in an era when deaf people were deeply misunderstood and mistreated. A new movement of teachers believed sign language was primitive, so they suppressed teaching sign and pushed speech training as a way to assimilate deaf people into society. Deaf people were seen as inferior and many were thrown into asylums. Helen's breakthroughs and skills proved these perceptions false. She broke taboos by writing about her blindness for women's magazines, like the Ladies' Home Journal, The Century, McClure's, and the Atlantic Monthly. Anne shared her story in several of her own books written over the course of 50 years, including The Story of My Life, Optimism, The World I Live In, and The Open Door. In 1913, Helen started lecturing with an interpreter at her side and traveled around the world several times. SPEAKER_00: It was an historic day at Sydney's Deaf and Dumb Institute. The youngsters had been fascinated by daily reports of their idol, the great Helen Keller, who triumphed over deafness, dumbness, and blindness. SPEAKER_02: She mostly spoke in support of the American Foundation for the Blind, and she later established a $2 million endowment fund for the organization. In 1920, Helen co-founded the American Civil Liberties Union alongside Roger Nash Baldwin and other advocates. Helen's pioneering advocacy for the rights of deaf and blind people helped lead to the release of disabled people from asylums. She also encouraged 30 states to organize commissions for the blind. Lyndon B. Johnson awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom. While she's often depicted as such, Helen was not apolitical. She was an advocate for birth control and a staunch socialist. She was watched by the FBI, who at the time, kept files on people associated with communism. Perhaps surprisingly, she was also a vocal proponent of eugenics. While the belief and practice was far more normalized by the scientific community at the time, her support for the issue remains a highly complicating aspect of her legacy. Anne Sullivan was Helen's faithful companion until her own death in October of 1936. Helen continued to be an advocate and speaker until she passed away on June 1st, 1968. Helen once wrote, "'My life has been happy, "'because I have had wonderful friends "'and plenty of interesting work to do. "'I seldom think about my limitations "'and they never make me sad.' It took around the 1960s for sign language to be rediscovered in research circles as a beautiful language and vital tool." While today, deaf people still face societal barriers, Helen Keller helped pave the way for advancements in both disability rights and education. This week of Encyclopedia Wamanica is brought to you by Madison Reed. Many mavericks and legends throughout history are remembered for the color of their locks. Have you been pondering a hair transformation? Changing my hair can make me feel like a whole new person, but I always struggle to figure out the color I want. 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