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SPEAKER_02: Hi. Before we get started with today's episode, I have some very exciting news. If you still haven't gotten the mother figure in your life a present for this Sunday, Mother's Day, you are in luck. We've extended the deadline for our special Encyclopedia Womanica Mother's Day gift to today, Thursday, May 7th. You can get a special Encyclopedia Womanica episode all about mom. Go to wondermedianetwork.com for more information. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Womanica. Today we're talking about one of the most controversial figures in English history. Her ascent to and fall from power were extremely dramatic. She helped to bring about England's split from the Catholic Church, became the Queen of England, and had a daughter who would serve as one of the most famous monarchs of all time. Her opponents accused her of witchcraft and slandered her name. And historians continue to debate her real intentions. Let's talk about the mysterious Anne Boleyn. Anne Boleyn was born around the year 1500 in Norfolk, England. Her father was a respected royal attendant, and her mother was the daughter of a powerful duke. Anne spent her teen years at the French court as a companion for Henry VIII's sister, Mary, who was married to the French king. By 1522, Anne was back in England. She wore glamorous French clothing and caught the attention of many suitors. She even caught the eye of King Henry VIII himself. Anne may have first come into contact with King Henry after acting as the lead in a court play in 1526. At that time, Henry was still married to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Though the pair had a daughter, they had been unable to produce a male heir to the throne, and Henry was getting desperate. The story goes that Henry tried to make Anne his mistress, but she refused to sleep with him out of wedlock. That may have served to increase Henry's infatuation. Yet divorce wasn't an option, as Henry was a devout Catholic. Henry attempted to get his first marriage annulled, but the pope refused his pleas. Anne may have inspired the eventual solution. It was the era of the Protestant Reformation, and Anne gave Henry a copy of a book called Obedience of a Christian Man. The book's Protestant author argued that kings were actually the rightful head of the church, not the pope. This book greatly influenced Henry, who ignored the pope's wishes and divorced Catherine in 1531. Anne Boleyn married King Henry VIII in January of 1533. The next year, Henry broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established his own, the Church of England. This move caused conflict in the country for the subsequent two centuries. After her marriage, Anne helped gather and support a new royal court that bolstered Henry's decision to found a new church. Not much is known about Anne's time as queen, but she may have helped transition monasteries into a new role as educational institutions. She and Henry had a daughter, Elizabeth I, but they struggled to have more children. Henry was starting to doubt the marriage he waited so long for. To make matters worse, the separation of the church fueled foreign enemies and incited domestic opposition. In 1536, Anne was charged with adultery and plotting against the king. She was locked in the Tower of London. The king ignored all of Anne's protests. She was declared guilty in a biased trial and sentenced to death. She was executed by sword in May of 1536. Anne was queen of England for about three years. After Anne's death, her opponents continued to slander her. Nearly all images of her were destroyed, though depictions were created under her daughter's eventual reign. King Henry went on to marry four more times. To this day, scholars argue over how Anne should be remembered. Was she a temptress who fractured the country? Or a pious woman who helped found the Church of England? As is the case for many of the women we're talking about this month, the truth is probably more complicated than either of those stories. Anne Boleyn has inspired numerous fictional accounts, and her story continues to fast-meet people to this day. All month, we're talking about mavericks and legends. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanica Weekly. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanica, and you can follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. Also, special thanks to all the Womaniacs out there. If you wanna join our brand new membership program, go to glow.fm slash Womanica. That's G-L-O-W dot F-M slash W-O-M-A-N-N-I-C-A. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
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SPEAKER_06: The clock is ticking. It's time for the new season of 60 Minutes. The CBS News Sunday Night tradition is back for its 56th season with all new big name interviews, hard-hitting investigations, and epic adventures. No place, no one, no story is off limits. And you'll always learn something new. It's time for 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS and streaming on Paramount Plus.
