Local Legends: Lee Tai-Young

Episode Summary

The Encyclopedia Womantica podcast episode titled "Local Legends Lee Tai-Young" tells the story of Lee Tai-Young, a pioneering Korean lawyer and activist who dedicated her life to advancing women's rights. Lee Tai-Young was born in 1914 in what is now North Korea. She came from a Methodist family that encouraged her education. Lee graduated from an all-girls high school and university before marrying a Methodist minister in the late 1930s. During World War II, her husband was imprisoned by the Japanese for being anti-Japanese. To support her family, Lee worked multiple jobs, including as a home economics teacher, seamstress, and radio singer. After the war, Lee was able to fulfill her dream of studying law at Seoul National University, becoming the first woman to attend the university. In 1952, she passed the national judicial exam, making her Korea's first female lawyer. In 1957, Lee opened South Korea's first legal aid center focused on serving poor and illiterate women who lacked legal representation. She went on to publish 15 groundbreaking books on women's legal issues and successfully lobbied for legislative changes benefitting women. Lee was arrested in the 1970s for her pro-democracy views. Although she received a suspended sentence and lost her law license for several years, her legal aid firm continued operating and assisted over 94,000 women. Lee received many international awards recognizing her advancement of women's rights. She passed away in 1998 at age 84, leaving behind a tremendous legal legacy in South Korea.

Episode Show Notes

Lee Tai-Young (1914-1998) was a pioneering legal mind who spent her life fighting for women’s rights and access to legal representation.

Episode Transcript

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The first woman in history to become a lawyer in South Korea, she founded the country's first legal aid center where she worked with women who were heavily underserved by the traditional legal establishment. Let's talk about Lee Tae Young. Lee Tae Young was born on August 10th, 1914 in what's now North Korea to a gold miner and his wife. Both of Lee's parents were second generation Methodists and heavily involved in the local church founded by Lee's maternal grandfather. At a time when most Korean women ended their schooling relatively early to learn how to run a household, Lee's family was fairly unique in encouraging her to receive the exact same education as the boys in their small community. Lee attended an all girls high school in Pyongyang. She graduated in 1931 and headed down to Seoul to attend Uha Womans University, a mere educational institution for women in Korea. She received her bachelor's degree there in home economics in 1936. After graduation, Lee moved to Pyongyang to marry a Methodist minister 10 years her senior named Dr. Yil Hyung Chung. In 1938, the new couple moved back to Seoul so that Chung could take a teaching job at the Methodist Theological Seminary. Lee and her husband lived comfortably for a number of years in Seoul and Lee started to think about pursuing a law degree, an idea basically unheard of for a woman at that time in Korea. But with the start of World War II in the 1940s, Lee's world was thrown into turmoil. Her husband was arrested and imprisoned by the Japanese colonial government for being anti-Japanese and possibly an American spy. He had attended school in the United States and was politically active, making him suspicious. Though Chung was imprisoned for most of the war, first in Seoul, then in Japan, then in Pyongyang, the couple managed to have three children during this period. With young children and a mother-in-law to support per Korean tradition, Lee had to put away any thoughts of returning to school. Instead, she took a job as a home economics teacher at a high school. The pay was so meager that she also took up washing and sewing, sold quilts door-to-door, and took a night job as a radio singer to make ends meet. When World War II ended and Lee's husband regained his freedom, Lee's thoughts again turned towards the law. With the support and encouragement of her husband, Lee applied and was accepted to Seoul National University to study law. In 1946, she became the first woman ever to attend the university. She earned her law degree three years later, and in 1952, she became the first woman to ever pass the national judicial examination, making her the first Korean woman lawyer in history. In 1957, after the end of the Korean War, Lee opened a law practice in Seoul focused on poor and illiterate women, a population she had noticed was heavily underserved by the legal community. The Women's Legal Counseling Center became the first organization in South Korea to specifically focus on providing important legal services to this demographic. In an interview with The New York Times, Lee later recalled that her clients were all poor and all female. My office became a central crying place. That same year, in 1957, Lee published her groundbreaking guide to Korea's divorce system, the first of its kind written for women. She would go on to publish 15 seminal books covering women's legal issues in South Korea, including her immensely popular 1972 book Common Sense in Law for Women. In 1976, Lee and her husband participated in the Myeong-dong Declaration, which called for the return of civil liberties to Korean citizens. As a result of this and other publicly espoused political views in favor of liberal democracy, Lee was arrested as an enemy of the government and of President Park Chung-hee. In 1977, she received a three-year suspended prison sentence and was disbarred for an additional seven years. Nevertheless, her law firm continued to flourish, eventually evolving into the Korea Legal Aid Center for Family Relations, South Korea's first legal aid society. Over the course of 20 years, Lee and nine other women counselors, all law school graduates, handled more than 94,000 cases. Lee and her team also lobbied successfully for legislative changes to South Korean laws that disadvantaged women. Lee received international acclaim for her work in expanding the legal access and rights of women in South Korea. In 1975, she received the highly coveted Ramon Magsaysay Award in the category of community leadership for effective service to the cause of equal judicial rights for liberation of Korean women. In 1978, she received the International Legal Aid Award from the International Legal Aid Association. And in 1984, she accepted the World Methodist Peace Award. That same year, she published a memoir of her life called Dipping the Han River Out with a Gourd. Lee passed away on December 16th, 1998 in Seoul. She was 84 years old. All month, we've been talking about local legends. Tune in tomorrow for the first episode of a brand new theme. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanika Weekly. Find us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanika. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. SPEAKER_04: When you're an American Express Platinum card member, don't be surprised if you say things like, Chef, what course are we on? I've lost count. SPEAKER_07: Or, shoot that, shoot that! And even, checkout's not until four, so. 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