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SPEAKER_04: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today's leader was an ambitious woman who sought to accumulate power and territory while refusing to kneel to authority. Her powerful presence made her a famous subject for artists and historians alike. Let's talk about Zenobia, queen of the Palmyrene Empire. Septimia Zenobia was born around the year 240 in the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. The exact circumstances of her birth are up for historical debate, but most scholars agree she was probably of noble descent. Palmyra was a sort of independent kingdom located inside the bounds of the Eastern Roman Empire. Zenobia married Palmyra's ruler, Odenaphis. Palmyra was situated between the warring Roman and Persian empires. Odenaphis helped the Romans defeat the Persians and drove them out of Syria. Palmyra and Rome were already on friendly terms, and this strengthened their bond further. In response, Romans made Odenaphis the governor of the Eastern Roman Empire. Things were looking good. Zenobia and Odenaphis had a son together, and they enjoyed an extravagant royal lifestyle. Odenaphis started to call himself king of kings, but the glory days didn't last long. Odenaphis was assassinated by a relative, leaving the couple's young son to inherit the throne. Because their son was too young to rule, Zenobia took the position of his regent and held de facto power. Though Zenobia took care to maintain an amicable relationship with Rome at first, the bond between the two territories became strained. In the year 270, Zenobia invaded Egypt and took control of most of the Roman East. Within a year, she had amassed new swaths of territory. She also started to conduct trade with the Persians, the shared enemy that had earned Palmyra favor from Rome in the first place. Zenobia valued intellectualism. She stressed the importance of scholars and philosophers at her court. In general, her territories were stable, peaceful, and diverse, populated by people of a variety of ethnicities. She also passed laws that protected religious minorities. Zenobia is memorable for her ambitious takeover of the Eastern Roman Empire and for her attitude as a ruler. Historians depict her as stern and beautiful with an authoritative, decisive presence. Legends say she occasionally drank with her military generals and with the leaders of other countries if she wanted to strategically outdo them. Eventually, Rome had enough of Zenobia's ambition and decided it was time to fight back. In the year 272, the emperor Aurelian launched a campaign to defeat Zenobia's forces. In response, Zenobia declared that Palmyra would secede from Rome, appointed her own son as emperor, and assumed the title of empress.
SPEAKER_04: Conflict ensued, and the Romans, known for their military prowess, eventually emerged victorious. Soldiers stormed Palmyra, captured the empress, and took her to Rome in chains. There, she spent the remainder of her life. Zenobia died around the year 274. Her ambition and meteoric rise to power inspired countless historians and artists, making her one of the most famous figures of her era. Tune in tomorrow to hear the story of another leader from history. Today's episode is brought to you by Bossy Cosmetics, a beauty company focused on the empowerment of women's ambitious zest to build, lead, and have impact. Bossy partners with nonprofits around the world that advocate for social change for women and girls. A portion of the proceeds from all sales go to victims of sex trafficking and domestic and sexual violence. Bossy lives by its mission to empower women to look, feel, and do good, and you can do all of that when buying their cruelty-free makeup. Go to bossy.com and use the code ENCYCLOPEDIA for 15% off your purchase of any products on the site. If you spend over $50, you'll be eligible for their upcoming Bossy Coaching service, which provides a free hour of expert business coaching as you work toward reaching your ambitious goals. Check out bossybeauty.com and use code ENCYCLOPEDIA for 15% off your first purchase. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
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