Innovators: Margaret Knight

Episode Summary

Margaret Knight was born in 1838 in Maine. After her father died, she had to leave school at age 12 to work in a cotton mill to support her mother. At the cotton mill, Margaret built a safety device to prevent injuries from malfunctioning looms. She did not patent this first invention, so she was never paid for it. Margaret went on to work in various industries before joining the Columbia Paper Bag Company in 1867. At the time, paper bags had to be folded by hand. Margaret invented a machine that could automatically cut, fold, and glue paper to make flat-bottom bags. She filed a patent for this machine, but a co-worker claimed it as his own invention. Margaret proved her case in court with her detailed machine blueprints and was granted the patent in 1870. Margaret's paper bag machine was used around the world. She co-founded her own paper bag company and continued inventing, receiving over 20 patents in her lifetime. However, patent laws restricted how much money she could make, so she was never extremely wealthy. Margaret's original paper bag machine is now in the Smithsonian, and she was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006. Paper bag manufacturing machines today are still based on her pioneering design.

Episode Show Notes

Margaret Knight (1838-1914) was an inventor, most notably of a machine to produce flat-bottomed paper bags.

Episode Transcript

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She's hilarious and not only shares intimate experiences from her career, but also offers ways we can build a more inclusive society where girls are encouraged and empowered to do great things. Stick around to hear part of her talk or head over to Ted Talks Daily from the Ted Audio Collective, wherever you listen. SPEAKER_01: Hi, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Elsama Jimbo. This is Humanika. This month, we're talking about innovators, women who helped shape the world we live in today, from inventors to thinkers. Their decisions to explore new paths led us to where we are today. In the 19th century, it was rare for patent holders to be women, but during that time, one woman received over 20 patents, including the first patent for a paper bag folding machine. Let's talk about Margaret Knight. Margaret was born on February 14th, 1838, in York, Maine. Margaret's father passed away while she was still a child. In order to support her mother at the age of 12, Margaret left school and began working in a cotton mill. Growing up, Margaret was known for her industriousness. She was an avid woodworker and often built kites and sleds by hand. At the cotton mill, she was no different. While working, she noticed how often while working, she noticed how often people got injured by malfunctioning looms. Before she'd even turned 13, she built a safety device to prevent the injuries. Her invention took off and soon became a staple in cotton mills across the country. But because Margaret didn't patent her invention, she was never paid for her work. Margaret eventually left the cotton mill and worked in various industries, from photography to upholstery. Then, in 1867, she began working at the Columbia Paper Bag Company. At the time, machines could only produce envelope-shaped paper bags. In order to produce a studier bag with a flat bottom, people had to fold the bag by hand. But Margaret thought that process could be automated. And after a year of experimenting, she had built a fully operational machine that could cut, fold, and glue paper together to produce a flat bottom bag. This time around, Margaret knew she needed to get her invention pattern, but that didn't come without its challenges. Charles Annan, who worked in the shop where Margaret's machine was built, had also filed a patent for Margaret's machine, claiming it as his own. Margaret didn't back down. She took him to court. Charles argued that there was no way the machine was Margaret's, because she couldn't possibly understand the mechanical complexities of the machine. Margaret proved him wrong when in court she presented the detailed blueprints of her machine all drawn by hand. Charles had no such blueprints to match, and Margaret won the case. In 1870, the patent for the paper bag machine was officially hers. Margaret's machine was used all around the world to make paper bags. She went on to co-found her own paper bag company called the Istin Paper Bag Company. She never stopped inventing, and in the next 30 years would receive over 20 patents for everything from a shoe making machine to a combustion engine. Although Margaret was a prolific inventor and her inventions allowed her to live comfortably, restrictions on the amount of money she could make from the patent sales meant she was never extremely wealthy. When she died on October 12th, 1914, she had $300 to her name. Today, you can see a model of Margaret's original paper bag folding machine in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. And in 2006, Margaret was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. To this day, machines that manufacture paper bags are still based on her original design. As always, we're taking a break for the weekend. For more information and pictures of some of the work we're talking about, find us on Facebook and Instagram, at Womanika Podcast. 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