Innovators: Josephine Cochrane

Episode Summary

Josephine Cochrane was born in 1839 in Ohio. She married William Cochrane and embraced the role of socialite, hosting lavish dinner parties and collecting antique dishes. Frustrated that her servants chipped her fine china while washing, Cochrane decided to invent a mechanical solution. In 1885, she filed a patent for a dishwashing machine that used water pressure to clean dishes placed in racks. This was an improvement over previous machines that required manually pouring hot water over dishes. In 1886, Cochrane received the patent and began pitching her machine to hotels and restaurants. As a woman, this was very difficult in the late 1800s, but her persistence paid off with orders. At the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, her dishwashing machine impressed audiences by washing 240 items in just 2 minutes. This success brought many more orders. In 1898, Cochrane opened a factory for her dishwashing machines under the Cochran's Crescent Washing Machine Company name. While her machines were slow to catch on with households, they became popular with businesses. Today, Cochrane's contribution is recognized through her induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the evolution of her company into the modern KitchenAid. Her invention brought the luxury of automatic dishwashing into restaurants, hotels, and eventually homes.

Episode Show Notes

Josephine Cochrane (1839-1913) invented a machine that brought the feeling of luxury straight into your own home–the commercial dishwasher.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_05: My name is Diana Hock and I'm an operations manager at Morgan & Morgan. At Morgan & Morgan, we've made it really easy. Anything that we need from you, you're able to do from the comfort of your home. You can just dial pound law and you talk to someone like me. SPEAKER_09: If you or any one of your family has been injured, call Morgan & Morgan, America's largest injury law firm. We've collected over $15 billion for our clients. It's easy. Visit forthepeople.com for an office near you. SPEAKER_06: This month of Womanica is brought to you by LinkedIn. Let's talk about what's professional today. On LinkedIn, important conversations are happening around what it means to be a professional. Right now, LinkedIn members are talking about things like needing more flexibility around where we work, how we work, and even taking time away from work to focus on family or mental health. Because those things should not stunt career development and growth. Instead, they should enhance it as we show up on our own terms. Professional is ours to define and your authentic self is your professional self. Post your truth, show the world the authentic professional you and join the conversations redefining professional on LinkedIn. LinkedIn, welcome professionals. Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Womanica. This month, we're talking about innovators. Women who helped shape the world we live in today, from inventors to activists. Today's Womanican invented a solution to one of the most tedious tasks in the kitchen. It was a machine that brought the feeling of luxury straight into your own home. Let's meet the inventor of the commercial dishwasher, SPEAKER_06: Josephine Cochrane. Josephine was born on March 8th, 1839 in Ohio. She was the daughter of a civil-action and the great-granddaughter of the inventor of the first patented steamboat in the US. Needless to say, the inventor's spirit was in her bones. When Josephine was 19, she married William A. Cochrane straight out of high school. She took her husband's last name, but made it her own by adding an E to the end. Early in their marriage, her husband found great success in the dry goods business. With their newfound wealth, they moved into a mansion in Illinois and Josephine embraced the role of a socialite. She hosted lavish dinner parties, proudly displaying her collection of antique dishes dating back to the 1600s. The dishes were delicate and difficult to clean. To her dismay, Josephine discovered that her servants had chipped the fine china during cleaning. So Josephine tried to take things into her own hands and started to wash the china herself. She quickly tired of all the washing and was determined to find a mechanical solution She got to sketching out a design for a new machine. In 1883, while she was in the early stages of exploring what this machine could look like, her husband died. She was left with a mountain of debt. What initially started out as a pursuit born out of pure curiosity, became Josephine's best shot at financial success. In 1885, Josephine filed her first patent application for her dishwashing machine. Some had attempted to design dishwashing machines before, but Josephine's invention was the first to use water pressure to clean the dishes. The previous machines required the user to pour boiling water over the dishes. Josephine's invention also had racks designed to fit and hold dishes in place as the jets sprayed them with water. The following year, Josephine built the first prototype with the help of a mechanic named George Butters. At the end of 1886, Josephine received a US patent for her dishwashing machine. She was ready to start selling. Josephine pursued hotels and restaurants as her first target customers. It was no easy task, especially as a woman. She later recalled what it was like to approach the Sherman House, a large hotel in Chicago, saying, you cannot imagine what it was like in those days for a woman to cross a hotel lobby alone. I had never been anywhere without my husband or father. The lobby seemed a mile wide. I thought I should faint at every step, but I didn't, and I got an $800 order as my reward. Once Josephine had a few orders in hand, it was time to start manufacturing, but Josephine lacked the cash to get the business moving quickly. It wasn't until 1893 that business really picked up speed. That year, Chicago hosted a World's Fair. Josephine was the only woman with a machine on display. She wowed the audience, demonstrating how she could take a stack of 240 dirty plates, cups, and saucers and turn them into sparkly clean dishes in just two minutes. She was awarded the highest prize for best mechanical construction, durability, and adaptation to its line of work. She was also rewarded with orders. Customers were sold on the possibility of her machine saving them time and money. She saw a sharp increase in orders from restaurants, hotels, hospitals, and colleges. In 1898, Josephine opened her first factory. She established Cochran's Crescent Washing Machine Company and sold her dishwashers far and wide. During her lifetime, her machines continued to be more of interest to businesses than individual consumers. In 1913, Josephine died at the age of 74. A few decades after her death, her dishwashers finally started becoming popular in households. Today, dishwashers are a staple in many American homes. Her company eventually became KitchenAid, and today is owned by Whirlpool. In 2006, Josephine was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. For more information on the women we're covering and for pictures of some of the women and work we're talking about, find us on Facebook and Instagram, at Wamanica Podcast. Special thanks to my favorite sister and co-creator, Liz Kaplan. 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