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SPEAKER_03: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Wamanaka. This month we're highlighting indigenous women from around the globe. Today's Wamanakan fought for the independence of her tribe at just 13 years old. Though her methods were controversial, many still remember her as a freedom fighter, leader and hero. Let's talk about Rani Gaidinlu. Gaidinlu was born on January 26th, 1915 into the Rangme tribe. The Rangme are part of the Naga ethnic group, native to Northeastern India. They practice Vaishnaism, the largest denomination of Hinduism. In the 1920s, a rise in missionary activity and the ongoing British rule pushed the Naga to a breaking point. A movement called Herakka or Pure Rosa. Though Herakka was aimed at reforming Naga religious beliefs, it also served as a political movement to unify the Naga people against British control. Gaidinlu's cousin spearheaded the coalition and Gaidinlu herself joined the fight at just 13 years old. Though there was an Indian leader of the region, the British maintained true control and they saw the Herakka movement as a threat. In 1931, the movement's leader was arrested by British forces and hanged. Gaidinlu, only 16 years old, became the leader of the Herakka movement. She ramped up its political goals, tying it more closely to the broader fight for Indian independence. By the age of 17, she was leading guerrilla forces to fight against the British and rallying political opposition across the region, including widespread tax resistance. In retaliation, the British imposed fines on the villages in the area and offered a 500-rupee reward and a 10-year tax holiday for whichever village turned Gaidinlu in. But the Naga tribe supported Gaidinlu. The British manhunt against Gaidinlu grew so intense that she was forced to go into hiding. She and her followers moved swiftly across the state until October 1932, when intel suggested British forces seemed to be heading in the opposite direction. Gaidinlu and her forces stopped in Palomi village to begin building a wooden fortress. But when their guard was down, suddenly the British attacked. Their supposed movement in the other direction had been a trick. Gaidinlu and her troops were all taken prisoner. Most of her soldiers were executed or imprisoned. Gaidinlu was convicted of murder and was sentenced to life in prison. She would spend the next 14 years behind bars. While Gaidinlu was in prison, the last of her devout followers were jailed. The Herakka movement seemed to be finished. But India also gained its independence, and Jawaharlal Nehru became prime minister. He ordered Gaidinlu's release in 1946 and even gave her the title of Rani, a royal designation. Gaidinlu stayed with her younger brother for a few years before moving back to her native village in 1953, ready to take on other causes. She fought against the Naga Secession Movement, spearheaded by the Naga National Council, advocating instead for a separate territory for her people within India. She also revived the Herakka movement. As she put it, "'Loss of religion is the loss of culture. "'Loss of culture is the loss of identity.'" But many Naga people had already converted to Christianity. The leaders of the Naga National Council strongly disproved of Gaidinlu's opposition. The council's threats forced Gaidinlu to go underground again. She started amassing another private army of soldiers willing to fight for uniting the region rather than seceding. By 1966, the Indian government persuaded the aging Gaidinlu to come out of hiding. Though she continued to face opposition from Naga people who did not follow traditional practices, the Herakka movement still honored Gaidinlu as a valuable leader. She was given multiple awards in the 1970s and 1980s. And later, a stamp and a commemorative coin were issued in her honor. Rani Gaidinlu passed away on February 17, 1993. She was 78 years old. All month, we're honoring the legacies of Indigenous women. For more information, check out our Facebook and Instagram pages, at Wamanaka Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
