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SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica. We're celebrating Pride Month with icons, supreme queens of queer culture. Some are household names. Others are a little more behind the scenes. All have defied social norms and influenced generations of people to be unapologetically themselves. Many of the folks we feature this month defied the social norms of their time. Norms like the Black Lives Matter movement were not the norm of their time. Norms that only saw one sexuality, heterosexuality, and two genders, male and female, as legitimate. Today, we're gonna talk about someone who lived not outside, but before those norms took root in her society, until they were imposed on her. Today, we're talking about Osh Tish. Osh Tish was born a member of the Crow Nation around 1854. The Crow Nation's ancestral homelands spanned large swaths of present-day Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota. Osh Tish was the Crow ba de, a Crow word referring to someone assigned male at birth who is a woman. Today, you might hear people refer to Osh Tish with a contemporary term, two-spirit. It's a term that was introduced in the 1990s, used by some indigenous communities to describe a native person who unites both male and female spirits. But it's also a broad term, one that was introduced in order to find common ground across nation-specific two-spirit terms and help educate about traditional teachings in a contemporary context. As a ba de, Osh Tish occupied ceremonial and social roles usually filled by women, in addition to those filled by men. She was highly respected in her community, in part for her incredible sewing skills and expertise tanning hides, but also for her fierce skills in battle and the events that gave her her name. Osh Tish translates roughly to finds them and kills them, referring to the way she fought in the 1876 Battle of the Rosebud. Around that time, white colonial settlers were moving west, pushing the indigenous inhabitants off of their land and demanding they move on to reservations. Many resisted confinement, including a large group of Sioux and Cheyenne people on the land that is present-day Montana. In the summer of 1876, American General George Crook led three columns of soldiers, including scouts and allies from the Crow and Shoshone nations, against the Sioux and Cheyenne people. The reasons that some of the Crow helped the US Army were complex. In part, it would allow them to avoid some bloodshed. And in turn, the Army was fighting their traditional enemies. Why Osh Tish specifically joined isn't clear. Crook's column of soldiers made its way to Rosebud Creek. On the morning of June 17th, 1876, the Sioux and Cheyenne attacked Crook's soldiers while they rested after a long march. The Crow and Shoshone allies held off the assault and prevented many deaths. According to the account of a Crow medicine woman named Pretty Shield, Osh Tish was among them. Osh Tish saved one of her fellow warriors and killed the man who attacked him. Most of the Crow returned home from the Battle of the Rosebud alive. Had it not been for them, Crook's Army likely would have been defeated. But the help of the Crow people did not save them from later pain. In the 1890s, a US federal agent came into Crow territory, sent to enforce Western colonial values. This meant enforcing Western beliefs around gender and sexuality. Federal agents tried to enforce limited ideas on Osh Tish and other Bade to make them conform to a gender that they were not, stripping them of their cultural and spiritual identity. This federal agent made the Bade get short haircuts. He made them dress as white men would, and he made them work in manual labor, as if the Bade weren't skilled in manual labor already. Luckily, the Crow chief pushed this federal agent out. Osh Tish's community supported the Bade and were horrified by the ordeal. But as white colonizers took more land over the coming years, they also violently enforced their way of life. By setting up boarding schools and forcing assimilation, they pushed younger generations further and further from traditional teachings. When Osh Tish died in 1929, she was one of the last Bade, at least on record, for a long time. All month, we're talking about icons. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanika Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
SPEAKER_04: Evidence-wise, we had virtually no evidence.
SPEAKER_05: In 1995, Detective Tony Richardson was trying to figure out who killed a fellow officer. The case comes down to who is believed and who is ignored.
SPEAKER_04: Oh my goodness, we did convict an innocent man.
SPEAKER_05: I'm Beth Shelburne from Lava for Good Podcasts. This is Ear Witness. Listen to Ear Witness on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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