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SPEAKER_06: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Edie Allard. I'm a producer here at WMN, and I'm excited to guest host during this final week of Pride Month. We're celebrating Pride Month with icons, supreme queens of queer culture. Some are household names, others are a little more behind the scenes. All of them have defied social norms and influenced generations of people to be unapologetically themselves. Today, we're talking about a writer whose work helped pave the way for the popular Japanese illustrated genre of manga, specifically shoujo manga, which is aimed at young women and explores the intense relationships between them. Please welcome Nobuko Yoshiya. Nobuko was born in 1896 in Niigata, a coastal area northwest of Tokyo, Japan. Nobuko's parents raised her in accordance with the adage, good wife, wise mother, which was the prevailing strategy for girls' education at the time. It was thought that by having women be in charge of the home and provide the backbone for raising children correctly, it would spur economic growth and national development. Nobuko was the only daughter out of five children, which only intensified domestic expectations for her. Nobuko was the only daughter out of five children, which only intensified domestic expectations for her. Nobuko escaped these pressures when she was 19 years old. She moved to Tokyo, where she began attending gatherings organized by SEITO, Japan's pioneering feminist magazine. The magazine began by publishing feminine literature, but over time, it broadened its focus to the real lives of women in Japan. It embraced gender equality and women's liberation and a forum for discussing the way patriarchal institutions oppressed women. Spending time with the writers and intellectuals behind this magazine gave Nobuko more confidence to carve out a life for herself. She cut her hair short and abandoned skirts, developing a more androgynous style. A year after moving to Tokyo, Nobuko published Flower Tales, a collection of 52 short stories. Each story is named after a different flower. Many of the short stories vividly explore the world of girls living in school dormitories as teens. Most of the stories in the collection revolve around longing and unrequited crushes. In the dormitory setting, the girls crush on fellow students or a teacher. The collection became immensely popular, particularly among young women. It was also a major influence on modern shoujo manga, the type of Japanese comics written for young women. When she was 23 years old, Nobuko published one of her most well-known stories, Two Virgins in the Attic. It follows the story of two girls who feel like outcasts at their dormitory school, so they seek refuge together in an old attic where they begin to long for one another. They sneak glances, spy on each other in the bathroom, and identify the floral notes in each other's scent. The girls assert that they have no need for men in their life. The story culminates in a kiss. Many scholars trace this story to an eventual evolution of shoujo manga called yuri manga, a subgenre more explicitly focused on lesbian, romantic, and sexual relationships. In her 20s, Nobuko met Monma Chiyo. Soon after, they moved in together. At one point, Monma had to leave for work for 10 months. Nobuko sent her a letter a month before she was due to return home with the following proposal. One, we will build a small house for the two of us. Two, I will become the head of the household and officially adopt you. Three, we will ask a friend to serve as a go-between and hold a wedding reception. Because same-sex marriage was not, and is still not, legal in Japan, Nobuko chose the legal loophole of adopting Monma so that they could own property and make medical decisions together. They built a small home and lived together for 50 years. Later in life, Nobuko's work no longer focused on the explicit love between women. Her work veered more toward the lives of housewives in unhappy marriages who sometimes sought solace in the arms of a friend. If feelings did develop, one of the friends would die or become a nun. Nobuko died in 1973 from cancer. She was 77 years old. Nobuko earned enough royalties from her work to buy five homes in her lifetime. One of them, in Kamakura, Japan, was turned into a memorial museum in her honor. All month, we're talking about icons. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Wamanaka Podcast. Thanks for listening, and you can tune in to another episode tomorrow.
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SPEAKER_07: In 1995, Detective Tony Richardson was trying to figure out who killed a fellow officer. The case comes down to who is believed and who is ignored. Oh my goodness, we did convict an innocent man. I'm Beth Shelburne from Lava for Good Podcasts. This is Ear Witness. Listen to Ear Witness on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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