Health + Wellness: Mary Putnam Jacobi

Episode Summary

Mary Putnam Jacobi was a pioneering female physician and advocate for women's education and advancement in medicine in the 19th century. She was born in London in 1842 to American parents and wanted to be a doctor from a young age. She earned her MD from the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1864 and went on to become the first woman admitted to France's École de Médecine. Jacobi fought against the common belief at the time that higher education was harmful to women's health and femininity. She anonymously submitted a prize-winning essay refuting the idea that menstruation debilitated women and prevented them from intellectual pursuits. She also established pediatric wards and advocated for better medical education for women. Despite facing obstacles as a woman in medicine, Jacobi had a distinguished career as both a physician and educator. She lectured at the Women's Medical College and worked at hospitals focused on women's and children's care. However, she developed a brain tumor in 1896 which led to her death in 1906 at age 63. Jacobi left behind a legacy of advancing opportunities for women in medicine.

Episode Show Notes

Mary Putnam Jacobi (1842-1906) was a doctor who empowered women to become physicians by raising the level of medical education for women and overcoming public doubt about women’s capabilities to study and practice medicine.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_02: Download the Drop app and get $5. Use invite code GETDROP222. SPEAKER_01: My name is Diana Hoch and I'm an operations manager at Morgan & Morgan. At Morgan & Morgan, we've made it really easy. Anything that we need from you, you're able to do from the comfort of your home. You can just dial pound law and you talk to someone like me. SPEAKER_06: If you or any one of your family has been injured, call Morgan & Morgan, America's largest injury law firm. We've collected over $15 billion for our clients. It's easy. Visit ForThePeople.com for an office near you. SPEAKER_05: Hello. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Womanica. Today we're talking about a woman who refused to accept gendered constraints in the medical profession. She wrote intelligently and passionately in support of women seeking to join the field and cared deeply for her patients. Let's meet Dr. Mary Putnam Jacoby. In 1842, Mary was born in London to American parents. The family returned to the States when Mary was a child, settling in New York. Mary wanted to be a doctor from childhood, reading medical studies when she was just nine years old. Her father was a publisher and as a teen, she wrote stories for the Atlantic Monthly and the New York Evening Post. Still, she maintained the desire to study medicine. She first enrolled at the New York College of Pharmacy. Then in 1864, she received her MD from what was then called the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, later renamed the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania. She wrote her thesis, which was focused on the spleen, entirely in Latin, the only student to do so. But Mary was not content to just receive a medical degree. In 1866, she traveled to Paris for further study. It took some convincing, but she became the first woman admitted to France's École de Médecine and returned to the U.S. in 1871. A year later, she became the first woman to become a member of the New York Academy of Medicine. She also created the Association for the Advancement of Medical Education of Women and served as its president for almost 30 years. Throughout her career, Mary served as both an educator and a physician. She lectured at the Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children and worked to raise the standards of education there. But despite her hard work blazing trails, society and many of SPEAKER_05: her fellow physicians wanted to keep women out of the medical field. In 1873, a book titled Sex and Education, a Fair Chance for Girls was published by a Harvard professor. It claimed that women were debilitated by menstruation, which the author claimed was backed up by science. He wrote that women who participated in higher education ended up with monstrous brains and puny bodies, abnormally active cerebration and abnormally weak digestion, flowing thought and constipated bowels. He claimed that all the stress and exertion of studying endangered a woman's physical development, in a sense that it would make them less feminine. As wild as this all sounds now, people believed it at the time, and it hurt progress for women in academic and professional spheres. Feminists, women, and especially women physicians like Mary were incensed. She refuted these claims with her own data. She argued women could indeed work and perform at the highest level, menstruating or not. Mary anonymously submitted an essay titled The Question of Rest for Women During Menstruation to Harvard's Boylston Medical Prize in 1876. Because she submitted it without her name attached, the judges didn't know it was written by a woman. In the essay, she wrote that there was, "...nothing in the nature of menstruation to imply the necessity or even the desirability of rest for women whose nutrition is really normal." Her essay won the prize. In 1876, Mary also married her husband, Abraham Jacobi, known as the father of American pediatrics. Mary would go on to establish pediatric wards and hospitals herself. She opened a small children's ward at Mount Sinai Hospital, and she started a children's ward at the New York Infirmary in 1886. Ten years later, in the winter of 1896, Mary began experiencing the symptoms of a brain tumor. It started as a sharp pain in the back of her head that would appear and disappear throughout the day. In the years that followed, the pain grew stronger and was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and weakness. Then one evening, she realized she couldn't walk. She developed a tremor in her hand, and she began to notice a change in her mind as well. She felt indifferent, detached. With a matter-of-fact style, Mary wrote a devastating account of her experience, titling it, "...description of the early symptoms of the meningeal tumor compressing the cerebellum, from which the author died, written by herself." Mary died in 1906 at the age of 63. All month, we're highlighting women who changed the landscape of health and wellness. For more information and pictures, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. AT&T and Verizon lure you in with their best phone offers, only to lock you into a three-year phone SPEAKER_07: contract. Not at T-Mobile. Now, with T-Mobile's best Go 5G plans, upgrade when you want. Every year, or every two, you decide. Visit T-Mobile.com to take charge of your upgrades. Get two-year financing on Go 5G Plus and Next. 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