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SPEAKER_06: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica. This month, we're highlighting women who've worked in health and wellness. Today, we're talking about a woman who held many titles, feminist, suffragist, spy, prisoner of war, and surgeon. She was a nonconformist who became the only woman in history to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor. We're talking about Dr. Mary Edwards Walker. Mary was born on November 26, 1832. She was raised on a farm in Oswego, New York, along with her six siblings. Her parents were free thinkers and encouraged their children to question everything. Mary, in turn, marched to the beat of her own drum. From a young age, Mary pushed back against the wall and started to dance. She was a young woman who was a young woman who was a young woman who was a young woman who was a young woman who was a young woman. From a young age, Mary pushed back against traditional feminine dress. She found women's clothing to be restricting and uncomfortable, so Mary opted for trousers instead of the traditional long skirts, corsets, and petticoats. She grew up in a household that believed in gender equality. Her parents founded their own school so their daughters could receive an education. She worked as a schoolteacher for two years to save the money she needed to attend medical school. In 1855, she graduated from Syracuse Medical College with honors. After medical school, she married a fellow student named Albert Miller. Keeping with her nonconformist spirit, she elected to keep her own last name and wore trousers with a short skirt instead of the traditional long wedding dress. She also edited her vows, refusing to promise to obey her husband As newlyweds, Mary and Albert set up a private practice together in Rome, New York. The practice struggled, likely because Mary was not accepted as a doctor. Mary and Albert's marriage also didn't last. Mary left after learning that he had been unfaithful. At the start of the Civil War in 1861, Mary headed to Washington to join the Union Army. She was opposed to slavery and planned to go to the United States To her dismay, the Surgeon General denied her the role of a medical officer. They offered her the role of a nurse, which she declined. Instead, she volunteered as an unpaid field surgeon near the front lines in Chattanooga and Fredericksburg. Once again, Mary notably wore men's clothing, as trousers allowed her to move more easily. Other surgeons in the military seemed to disprove of a wedding that was not a wedding. She was also destined to disprove of a woman serving as a surgeon. Nevertheless, she proved herself, and in 1863, Mary became the first female U.S. Army surgeon. While serving as an assistant surgeon with the 52nd Ohio Infantry, she crossed enemy lines and was detained by Confederates for espionage. It's hard to know why she crossed the lines. Some sources say she was just treating civilians, while others believe she was, in fact, spying. Either way, she spent four months in Castle Thunder Prison and refused to wear feminine clothing while she was held captive. She was freed in a prisoner exchange and served the rest of the war as a surgeon in a women's military prison in Clarksville, Tennessee. After the war was over, President Andrew Johnson signed a bill on November 11, 1865 to present Mary with the Medal of Honor for Meritorious Service. She became the first woman to receive the award and wore it proudly for the rest of her life. Following her service, Mary shifted her efforts to campaigning for women's rights. She formally advocated for dress reform and even designed her own garment as a solution to what she called cruel corsets, tight garters, and other underpinnings. She was arrested multiple times for wearing her signature outfit, trousers, a vest, coat, and top hat. In response to her critics, she simply said, I don't wear men's clothes, I wear my own clothes. Mary was also an early advocate for women's suffrage. She banded together with five other women and tried to register to vote in 1871. As expected, they were unsuccessful. It would be nearly 50 years before the first round of American women could vote. Mary never got to cast a ballot. Two years before Mary's death in 1917, her Medal of Honor was stripped from her on the grounds that medals that weren't earned from actual combat should be revoked. Mary was outraged, and she continued to wear the medal anyway, proudly on her chest. On February 21, 1919, Mary passed away.
SPEAKER_06: She was buried in her hometown in New York, dressed in a black suit. In 1977, almost 60 years after her death, President Jimmy Carter posthumously restored Mary's Medal of Honor, which sits on display in the Pentagon. She remains the only woman in history to have received the award. All month for highlighting women in health and wellness. For more information and for pictures of the women we're talking about, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanika Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Tune in tomorrow for our first episode of A Brand New Theme. Talk to you then. Before you go, I want to tell you about another show you should check out called In Case You Missed It, Slate's podcast about internet culture. It's a show for people who have a healthy relationship with the internet, made by people who really, really don't. It's hosted by Slate's Madison Malone-Kircher and Rachel Hampton. Twice a week, they'll explore what's trending at the top of your feeds, investigate the ghosts of internet past, and help you sound like the smartest person in your group chat. Episodes drop every Wednesday and Saturday. Search ICYMI wherever you get your podcasts. That's ICYMI, the podcast that's extremely online so you don't have to be.
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