Goddesses: Artemis

Episode Summary

Paragraph 1: The Greek goddess Artemis was the daughter of Zeus and Leto. When pregnant with Artemis and her twin Apollo, Leto was pursued by the jealous Hera. Leto eventually found refuge on Delos where she gave birth to Artemis after 9 days of painful labor. The newborn Artemis then helped deliver her brother Apollo. Paragraph 2: Artemis asked her father Zeus to grant her eternal virginity, a bow and arrow, a short tunic for hunting, and the role of bringing light. Hephaestus gave her a silver bow and Pan gave her hunting dogs. She became an expert archer. Wearing her tunic, she roamed the wilds hunting animals with her entourage of nymphs and animals. She protected nature and bridged the natural world with humans. Paragraph 3: Artemis guarded her virginity fiercely and expected the same from others. Her companion Callisto was turned into a bear after Zeus seduced her. The hunter Actaeon saw Artemis bathing and was turned into a deer and killed by his dogs. Artemis accidentally killed her companion Orion, and placed him in the stars. Despite her rages, Artemis was widely worshipped in ancient Greece.

Episode Show Notes

Artemis (known as Diana in Roman mythology) was the goddess of the hunt, nature and childbirth. The daughter of Zeus, she’s one of the twelve major gods in the Greek pantheon. She was known for her chastity and innocence, as well as her exacting rage, often borne out through the use of her bow and arrow.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_05: Before we get started, just a quick warning that this episode mentions sexual assault. Hello. From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanika. This month we're talking about goddesses, mythical figures who've shaped culture, history, and imagination around the world. Today we're talking about one of the major deities in Greek mythology. She's known as a goddess of childbirth and a protector of young girls. That is, when she isn't embarking on bloodthirsty rampages with her trusty bow and arrow. Let's talk about the goddess of the hunt, wild nature, and childbirth, Artemis. Artemis' father was Zeus, the supreme god, and her mother was the goddess Leto. When Hera, Zeus' wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant, she flew into a jealous rage. Some stories say Hera sent her son Ares after Leto. Others say Hera got Python, the giant serpent, to chase Leto. Leto spent her pregnancy trying to avoid Hera's wrath. Eventually, she found refuge on the island of Delos. There, after an excruciating nine days in labor without any help, Leto gave birth to her daughter Artemis. But Leto wasn't done yet. She was pregnant with twins. Naturally, the newborn Artemis assisted her mother as a midwife and helped deliver her twin brother Apollo. Artemis didn't waste time growing into the goddess she knew she could be. In one telling of her childhood, Artemis sat on her father Zeus' lap and told him exactly what she wanted. She wanted him to give her a bow and arrow and a tunic that reached her knees, so she could be a huntress and slay wild beasts. She wanted to remain a virgin her entire life, and she wanted to be a bringer of light. Zeus, ever the doting father, granted all of her wishes. The god of fire and craftsman Hephaestus and his cyclops warriors gave her a silver bow. The god Pan gave her thirteen dogs that were vicious and faster than the wind. She found six deer with golden antlers to pull her chariot. And, after time and practice, she became an incredible archer. First, Artemis shot her bow at easy targets, elm and oak trees. But before long, she had progressed to shooting wild animals and people. Wearing her hunter's tunic and wielding her bow and arrow, Artemis would travel the forests and mountains looking for game to shoot. As she passed, animals would tremble. She traveled with an entourage of bears, deer, and nymphs. Artemis presided over nature and acted as the bridge between the natural world and humans. She shepherded young girls through different stages of their lives and acted as a midwife and symbol of fertility. She guarded her chastity carefully, and she expected those around her to do the same. The nymphs who traveled with Artemis had to vow to remain virgins forever, too. One nymph, Callisto, broke that vow after Zeus seduced her. Some stories say that when Artemis discovered that Callisto was pregnant, she got so enraged that she turned Callisto into a bear. Callisto's not the only one who was turned into an animal after experiencing Artemis's ire. One day when Prince Actaeon was trekking through the woods, he accidentally saw Artemis while she was bathing in a stream. Artemis was so upset that a human man had seen her naked that she turned Actaeon into a deer. His hunting dogs then ate him alive. Sometimes, Artemis's rage ended up hurting those she cared for, like in the case of her beloved companion, the handsome giant Orion. As one story goes, her twin brother Apollo got jealous of their relationship. So he tricked Artemis into shooting Orion with a bow and arrow. When Artemis realized what she'd done, she was so sad that she immortalized Orion forever by making him into a constellation. Other versions of that story involve Orion trying to rape either Artemis or one of her nymphs, thereby leading her to kill him. Despite, or maybe because of, Artemis's penchant for rage, many people worshipped Artemis in ancient Greece. She had one of the longest-standing cults in the ancient Mediterranean, and people held festivals in her honor. In a festival celebrated in the town of Brauron, girls between the ages of five and ten would dress up as bears and dance. Women would invoke Artemis at their coming of age, before they gave birth, and at other important stages of life. Today, you can see the Artemis archetype revamped in modern stories, like Katniss Everdeen, a fierce fighter who, of course, is never without her trusty bow and arrow. In years to come, NASA's latest mission to the Moon will bear Artemis's name, while Apollo was the name of the first mission to the Moon. The Artemis space program will bring the first woman there. All month, we're talking about goddesses. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram, at Wamanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow! 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