Folk Heroes: Veleda

Episode Summary

The podcast episode discusses the life of Veleda, a Germanic prophetess who lived in the 1st century CE. Veleda belonged to the Bructeri tribe and lived in isolation in a tower near the Lippe River in present-day Germany. As a prophetess, Veleda was highly venerated by the Germanic tribes and wielded significant influence over them. She would make prophecies and give advice on diplomatic and military matters. In the 1st century, the Roman Empire was expanding into the territory inhabited by the Germanic tribes. Veleda prophesied that the Batavi tribe would be able to successfully lead a rebellion against the Romans. In 69 CE, the Batavi officer Civilis did unite the tribes, including Veleda's Bructeri, in revolt against the Romans. The rebellion was successful, just as Veleda had predicted. As a reward, Civilis sent Veleda gifts and sacrifices. Veleda and Civilis worked together as leaders for a few years. Veleda even acted as a negotiator between the Germanic tribes and a Roman settlement. However, in 77 CE the Romans under General Gallicus defeated the Bructeri tribe and captured Veleda. She reportedly spent the rest of her life serving as a priestess in southern Italy, where the Romans used her powers. The life of Veleda shows how female prophetesses played vital religious and political roles among the Germanic tribes and came to take on legendary status.

Episode Show Notes

Veleda (c. 100 CE) was a seeress venerated by Germanic tribes for her prophecies and diplomatic gifts. She was considered a divinity on earth. Veleda predicted the success of the rebellion that would halt the powerful Roman Empire’s expansion into Germanic territory and change the course of Europe’s history.

Episode Transcript

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This month we're talking about folk heroes, women whose lives and stories took on mythic proportions. Today we're talking about a Germanic Cirrus who foretold the destiny of her people against powerful Roman armies. She was the driving force in a legendary rebellion that would change the course of the Roman Empire. Please welcome Felida. Felida came from the Bruchtery tribe located in present-day Northwest Germany. In the first century CE, the young, unmarried prophetess lived isolated in a tall tower near the Lipe River. Felida was regarded as a divinity with significant influence over her people. According to some eyewitness accounts, Felida was prohibited from interacting with any mortal supplicants. Those who sought her prophecies were forbidden from making eye contact or directing their questions at her. Instead, Felida's relatives acted as a medium, tasked to relay her divine messages back to the people. Germanic tribes venerated female prophetesses like Felida. They played a vital role as diplomatic envoys and battle commanders guided by divination. They told the tribes when they should attack or withdraw from combat. In the first century, the land known today as Germany was inhabited by many scattered tribes. These tribes traded and interacted with one another, but they remained largely independent with some intertribal conflict. At the same time, the Roman Empire was pushing its armies east, past the Rhine River that bordered these tribes' territory. The Romans sought to occupy this land. A lack of unity between the tribes threatened all of their sovereignty. Felida foretold that one tribe in particular, the Batavi, would lead a successful rebellion against the Roman expansion. The Batavi tribe were small, but highly skilled in the battlefield. In 69 CE, a Batavi-born officer named Sevilus managed to unite Germanic tribes, including the Bructari led by Felida, in a revolt against the Roman forces. The rebellion was a success, as the oracle had predicted. The Germanic tribes emerged triumphant, while on the Roman side, tens of thousands were wounded or killed. As a symbol of his gratitude, Sevilus captured one of the Roman Legion's commanders and ordered the prisoner to be delivered to Felida. The prisoner died on the way, but it's possible that Sevilus hoped to aid Felida in another prediction. Ancient fragments described Seiruses making prophecies following human sacrifices, based on the direction of the blood flowing from their neck, or the condition of their entrails. A few months later, Sevilus made it up to Felida by sending her a souvenir from a raid. A Roman flagship, he ordered his men to tow up the Lipe River for the Seiruses. For a few years, Sevilus and Felida worked together as leaders. In fact, a Roman settlement on the west side of the Rhine River explicitly requested Felida to be brought on as negotiator to quell disputes between itself and the bordering Germanic tribes. Felida was able to cultivate a relationship of peace between the Roman colony and the rebel tribes, using her diplomatic skills and divine sorcery. But in the late 70s CE, Roman general Gallicus disrupted this newfound relationship. He squashed Germanic resistance, and in 77 CE, he captured Felida in a confrontation with the Bructeri tribe. It's said that she spent the rest of her life serving as a priestess in southern Italy, where her conquerors used her mystical powers to their advantage. SPEAKER_01: All month, we're talking about folk heroes. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. 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