Folk Heroes: Ng Akew

Episode Summary

Ng A Qu was born in 1820 in Guangzhou, China. She was part of the Tanka ethnic group who lived and worked on Chinese junk ships. Ng worked at an anchorage in Guangzhou where she likely met the American sea captain James Bridges Endicott. Ng and James had a long-term sexual relationship, as was common between Western men and local women at the time. These women were called "protected women." James bought Ng a house in Hong Kong. They went into business together trading opium. When pirates stole opium being transported by Ng, she tracked the pirates down and demanded compensation, eventually recovering goods worth far more than what was stolen. This led to a scandal reported in the English newspapers. A few years later, James married an English woman. Ng and James separated but he left her with some land and a trust. Ng invested in property and business. She built housing for protected women, becoming a leader in the community and influencing the development of Hong Kong. In her later years Ng sold many belongings, suggesting bankruptcy. She would have been in her 90s when her property transferred back to James' family, likely indicating her death. Beyond this, little is known about the end of Ng's life, but she made a significant impact as a businesswoman and community leader in 19th century Hong Kong.

Episode Show Notes

Ng Akew (c. 1820 - c. 1914) was a resourceful woman who lived by sea, chased down pirates, and played a key role in shaping Hong Kong.

Episode Transcript

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This month we're talking about folk heroes, people whose lives and stories took on mythic proportion. Today we'll learn about a resourceful woman who lived by sea, chased down pirates, and played a key role in shaping Hong Kong. Let's talk about Ng A Qu. Ng was born in 1820 in Guangzhou, a Chinese seaside province northwest of Hong Kong. Ng was Tungka, a small ethnic group of people who traditionally lived on Chinese sailing ships called junks, or on the southern coasts. Ng worked at an anchorage in Guangzhou, where boat people provided water, food, clean laundry, and other services to visiting ships, including ones from the west. It's said that that's how she met the American captain James Bridges Endicott. Ng became a protected woman. Protected women were paid by elite Western men for a long-term sexual relationship while they were away from home. The women were called protected because if they were suspected of prostitution, they could show authorities they were supported by a foreign man with a certificate as proof. This arrangement gave the women elevated status, material stability, and independence within their patriarchal society. While these relationships were common knowledge, they were still looked down upon. James bought Ng a house in Central, a district of Hong Kong. She began work as a trader, and then the couple went into business together, and their discreet relationship became very public. In 1848, a typhoon destroyed a British ship. James purchased the ship's damaged opium, and Ng bought eight chests of it from him. She sent these chests to a nearby island to be sold, but along the way, the ship was attacked by pirates who seized the opium. Ng refused to accept the loss. As a boatwoman, she knew the ways of these pirates. She tracked them down and demanded compensation. Eventually, Ng was found miles away with several junks worth of contraband that the pirates had given her, including cotton, sugar, pepper, rice, and oilfish. Though Ng was investigated for the contraband, the case was eventually buried, but the news story, which focused on Ng's and James' relationship, blew up. The English newspapers called the scandal the Cum Sing Moon affair, and Ng a shrewd, intelligent woman. A couple years later, in 1852, James married a woman from England. It was, according to convention then, a more respectable decision, one that likely got its push from the press around his relationship with Ng. Ng and James separated, split custody of their five children, and James left Ng some land and a trust. Ng invested in her future, in business and property. She built housing and sold off some units to other protected women who could afford to live independently. She developed a community center for the protected women and became a leader in the community. Her work was influential in the development of the neighborhood that would become known as Middle Bazaar, where both locals and Westerners lived and spent time. Ng was a key figure in the development of old Hong Kong. Now, the buildings where she lived and created space for other protected women are ruins, broken down by time. Historians are trying to conserve these buildings and the mark that these protected women made on the city. Records show that in 1878, Ng sold off many of her belongings, suggesting bankruptcy. In 1914, the ownership of her property reverted back to someone in James Endicott's family, which might suggest that that was the year of her death. She would have been in her 90s. Beyond these clues, no one knows for sure what became of Ng. All month, we're talking about folk heroes. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. 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