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SPEAKER_03: 100 years of history, stretching from the days of slavery to the civil rights movement of today.
SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. If you're just tuning in for the first time, here's the deal. We're telling the stories of women from throughout history and around the world, who you may not know about, but definitely should. Each month is themed, and in honor of Women's History Month, March is all about feminists, women who fought for gender equity. Today's feminist was a woman of many strengths. She was a teacher, musician, and community organizer who fought at the heart of America's labor and civil rights movements. Let's talk about Rosina Tucker.
SPEAKER_02: Rosina Budd Harvey was born in 1881 in Washington, D.C. She was one of nine children born to Henrietta and Lee Roy Harvey, two former slaves from Virginia who moved to D.C. after their emancipation. As an adult, Rosina fondly remembered childhood music lessons with her father. Thanks to his teaching, Rosina and her siblings entered school with an above-average musical bent. Rosina also already knew how to read and write. In 1899, Rosina married her first husband, James Corothers, a well-known preacher and poet. The couple lived in New York City and then Michigan. While James focused on preaching and writing, Rosina taught music and played organ for the church. James passed away in 1917, and Rosina then moved back to Washington, D.C. to work as a file clerk for the government. In 1918, Rosina married her second husband, Berthia J. Tucker, or B.J. Rosina's partnership with B.J. pushed her towards activism. B.J. was a Pullman porter, a man hired by the George Pullman Train Company to help passengers with their luggage. George Pullman was a major employer of black men, but he was so adamant about cutting costs and wages that his workers were often unable to pay rent. Before the 1920s, black men didn't have any unions. That meant the company was able to demand long work hours with hard labor. Some attempts to unionize in the early 20th century were unsuccessful, but eventually, workers in New York came together and formed the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters under the direction of A. Philip Randolph. When Randolph came to Washington, D.C. to expand the union, many porters were reluctant to join. B.J. joined the cause right away with Rosina at his side, and her involvement expanded. When the union really caught on in D.C., women were actually often the ones driving the cause while the men were away working. Rosina quickly became a union leader. When the union was first formed, it was dangerous for someone to even show interest. Rosina personally delivered secret messages and union literature in her handbag under the guise of making social visits. When Rosina's dealings with the union became public, B.J. was immediately fired. But his termination didn't last. Rosina marched to Union Station and argued with the company's regional director until her husband was rehired. Rosina then started working more publicly with the union. She created the Women's Economic Councils, which hosted parties and dinners and raised money for the union. The organization was a predecessor to the International Ladies' Auxiliary to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Rosina also wanted to organize women workers, and eventually the Women's Economic Councils formed connections with unions of all races and genders. Rosina stayed close with A. Philip Randolph and the rest of the union for decades. She helped organize marches and boycotts even into her 80s, many of which led to major change, including the desegregation of the military. Rosina Tucker passed away in 1987. She was 105 years old. During her lifetime, Rosina saw many incredible historical events. She mourned at the funeral of Frederick Douglass and witnessed Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech. She personally changed the course of history as one of the most influential labor and civil rights organizers of the 20th century. All month, we've been talking about feminists. We've covered feminists in every theme so far. What differentiates this month is that we're looking at women who are particularly important to the women's rights movement, the suffrage movement, and or modern feminism and feminist theory. This month of Encyclopedia Womanica is brought to you by Fiverr, an online digital services marketplace, connecting businesses with women who are creating, designing, copywriting, programming, editing, and more. Fiverr's here to support the world's freelance community during these challenging and uncertain times as businesses adapt in the face of the corona pandemic. Women are an integral part of Fiverr's platform, many having worked with some of the most influential brands in the world. Fiverr is here to support freelancers, entrepreneurs, and businesses at this time. Fiverr operates in over 160 countries and offers digital services across 300 categories. So there are clearly lots of opportunities to change how the world works with Fiverr in these unprecedented times. Head to fiverr.com to see how Fiverr might be able to support you or your business. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our new Encyclopedia Womanica newsletter. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanica. And you can follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
SPEAKER_06: Thank you.
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SPEAKER_01: Do you hear it? The clock is ticking. It's time for the new season of 60 Minutes. The CBS News Sunday Night tradition is back for its 56th season with all new big name interviews, hard hitting investigations and epic adventures. No place, no one, no story is off limits and you'll always learn something new. It's time for 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS and streaming on Paramount+.
