SPEAKER_00: We march, we march, we fight, we fight. What do we want? Equality!
SPEAKER_01: From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Yesterday we talked about Christabel Pankhurst, who fought on the front lines of the British suffrage movement. Today we're going further back in time to learn about her mother, who's considered by many to be the head of that movement. Let's talk about the revolutionary Emmeline Pankhurst. Emmeline Golden was born in Manchester, England in 1858. She was the eldest of 10 children. Both of her parents were abolitionists and advocated for women's suffrage themselves. Emmeline studied in Paris before returning to her home city. There she met her husband, Dr. Richard Pankhurst, who also supported radical causes for the era, like women's suffrage. Emmeline and Richard had five children together, though one passed away in childhood. Despite her full plate of child-rearing and homemaking, Emmeline remained politically active. When Richard ran for parliament, she supported him by hosting political gatherings. In 1889, Emmeline got involved in the women's suffrage movement through her support of the Women's Franchise League. This league was unique for its supportive enfranchisement for all women, not just single women and widows. Richard encouraged his wife's involvement in advocacy until he passed away in 1898. Emmeline was grief-stricken over his death for many years. Still, her passion for suffrage didn't subside. In 1903, she teamed up with two of her daughters to create the Women's Social and Political Union, or WSPU. As we discussed yesterday, Christabel's arrest after a Liberal Party meeting protest in 1905 spurred Emmeline to lead the WSPU down a more combative, militant path.
SPEAKER_03: My friends, in spite of His Majesty's government, I am here tonight.
SPEAKER_01: At first, Emmeline's tactics included hosting rallies and hounding politicians. When the group was hopeful that a law would move forward, they relaxed their protests. When a bill was shot down, the women turned to vandalism. Emmeline was arrested multiple times during her protests. While serving one nine-month sentence, she went on a hunger strike, as many suffragettes were doing at the time, and ended up being released early. This tactic led to a law that allowed police to release sick prisoners and then re-imprison them once they'd recovered. In 1913, the impact of this law became clear. Emmeline was arrested after an incendiary device started a fire in an unoccupied house that was being built for a member of Parliament. She received a sentence of three years, went on a hunger strike, and was released. That led to a series of re-arrests and re-releases that lasted months. During one period of release, Emmeline even delivered a series of lectures in America. This game of cat and mouse ended when World War I began. Emmeline, Christabel, and the rest of the WSPU declared a temporary truce for the suffrage fight. The government agreed to release all of the WSPU prisoners, and Emmeline encouraged the women to help in the war effort. This act of patriotism impressed the government. After World War I ended, Parliament granted partial suffrage to women who met a property requirement and who were over 30 years old. Another law passed later gave women the right to be elected to Parliament. Emmeline celebrated this law of partial suffrage with her daughter, Christabel, but full suffrage was still the goal. Emmeline ran for Parliament as a Conservative but had to end her campaign due to sickness. Emmeline passed away at the age of 69 in 1928. Less than a month later, full suffrage was granted to British women. We talked about two of the incredible women who helped lead the suffrage movement in England, but it's important to remember that these causes are made up of many strong-willed and imperfect advocates. Emmeline and Christabel certainly weren't alone while hunger striking in jail. It was the combined effort of thousands that brought about women's suffrage. Were you named after Emmeline Pankhurst?
SPEAKER_04: Yes. Were you?
SPEAKER_00: Yes. And what do you know about her? She made all the women vote so they can all get money and all get jobless.
SPEAKER_01: All month we're talking about feminists. We've covered feminists in every theme so far. What differentiates this month is that we'll be looking at women who were particularly important to the women's rights movement, the suffrage movement, and or modern feminism and feminist theory. On Saturdays, we're talking about modern feminists brought to you by this month's sponsor, Fiverr. On Sundays, we're highlighting favorite feminists from past months chosen by other podcast hosts we love. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our new Encyclopedia Wamanica newsletter. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Wamanica, and you can follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. This month of Encyclopedia Wamanica is brought to you by Fiverr, an online digital services marketplace connecting businesses with women who are creating, designing, copywriting, programming, editing, and more. Fiverr is here to support the world's freelance community during these challenging and uncertain times as businesses need to adapt in the face of the corona pandemic. Women are an integral part of Fiverr's platform, many having worked with some of the most influential brands in the world. Fiverr is here to support all of its freelancers at this time. Fiverr also is looking to hire people behind the scenes who are equally passionate about supporting Fiverr's efforts to create, design, and innovate through its unique freelance platform. Fiverr operates in over 160 countries and offers digital services across 300 categories. So there are clearly lots of opportunities to change how the world works together with Fiverr in these unprecedented times. Head to Fiverr.com to see how Fiverr might be able to support you or your business. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
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