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SPEAKER_00: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today's feminist was a political scientist, sociologist, economist, pacifist, and leader of the Women's Movement for Peace during the first half of the 20th century. She received a Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Let's talk about Emily Green Bulch. Emily Green Bulch was born in 1867 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her father was a successful lawyer and a member of a prominent Boston family. In 1889, Emily graduated from Bryn Mawr College as a member of the school's first graduating class. At Bryn Mawr, Emily studied classics, literature, and economics. Following graduation, Emily was awarded a European fellowship, which gave her the opportunity to continue her study of econ in Paris. In 1891, Emily completed the fellowship and published her research under the title Public Assistance of the Poor in France. The work assessed state institutions put in place to alleviate poverty in France. After the fellowship, Emily worked on social reform in her hometown of Boston. The 1890s marked the beginning of the Progressive Era in the United States. It was a time when rapid societal changes associated with increased industrialization, immigration, and urbanization led to the birth of major reform movements. Activists like Emily sought to transform American society. Many women in particular attempted to alter aspects of politics and society that contributed to inequality. The women's rights and suffrage movements gained steam, as did the pacifist movement, which was often linked to the pursuit of equality. Emily was involved in most of the prominent movements of the time, including suffrage, women's rights, workers' rights, children's rights, rights for minorities, and pacifism. During this period, Emily met Jane Addams, the founder of Hull House, who we talked about earlier this week. In case you missed that episode, Jane founded one of the most well-known settlement houses in the U.S. Jane became a close friend of Emily's and inspired Emily to take up settlement work. In 1892, Emily helped establish the Denison House in Boston. Emily decided on a career in academia, studying at Harvard, the University of Chicago, and the University of Berlin before joining the faculty of Wellesley College in 1896. By 1913, she was a full professor of political economy and political and social science. During her time at Wellesley, Emily was also active in promoting child welfare reforms. She served on two municipal boards dedicated to children and urban planning. She also served on two state commissions focused on industrial education and immigration. Then came the outbreak of World War I. A lifelong pacifist and anti-war activist, Emily fought tirelessly against the United States' entry into the war. She even prepared peace proposals and took part in a delegation to Scandinavia that tried to initiate mediation to end the conflict. But her activism came with consequences. In 1918, when Emily requested to extend her sabbatical, the Wellesley faculty terminated her contract. At 52 years old, she was left jobless. Emily decided to devote all of her efforts to anti-war activism. In 1919, Emily and Jane Adams founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Emily was hired as the organization's first international secretary treasurer, which put her in charge of all of the organization's activities, including coordination and cooperation with the newly formed League of Nations. During the interwar years, Emily worked with the League of Nations in various roles on efforts related to disarmament, drug control, the internationalization of aviation, and even the participation of the United States in the League. Interestingly, the rise of Nazism and the human destruction caused by the Third Reich during World War II forced Emily to change her strong views on pacifism. She came to believe that force was acceptable and even defensible in extreme scenarios when fundamental human rights are severely infringed upon. In 1946, at the age of 79, Emily's lifelong commitment to promoting peace was rewarded. She received the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with John Mott, the head of the YMCA. Emily was awarded $34,000, which she donated to the Women's League for Peace and Freedom. During her Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Emily said, "'May no young man ever be faced with the choice "'between violating his conscience by cooperating "'in competitive mass slaughter, or separating himself "'from those who, endeavoring to serve liberty, "'democracy, humanity, can find no better way "'than to conscript young men to kill.'" Emily was the second American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. The first was her close friend Jane Addams. Emily died the day after her 94th birthday. She's remembered for her incredible anti-war efforts and for the tireless work she put in to change the lives of women, children, and workers for the better. All month, we're talking about feminists, so tune in tomorrow to hear another incredible story. This month of Encyclopedia Wamanica is brought to you by Fiverr, an online marketplace connecting businesses with freelancers who offer hundreds of digital services, including graphic design, copywriting, web programming, film editing, and more. Fiverr's mission is to change how the world works together. The Fiverr platform gives everyone, no matter their gender, race, religion, or sexual orientation, an equal chance to build their business, brand, or dreams on their own terms. That's something we can certainly get behind this Women's History Month and year round, as we call for more industry leaders to join with Fiverr and make strides in creating opportunities for all. Fiverr's marketplace helps the world's feminists get more done with less. Take five and show your support for Fiverr's new store at fvrr.co slash women, where they feature over 100 of the platform's top female talent. That's fvrr.co slash women. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
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