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SPEAKER_03: Hello, I'm Emma Gray, host of Here to Make Friends and author of A Girl's Guide to Joining the Resistance. And today I'm excited to introduce one of my favorite feminists who's been featured on Encyclopedia Womanica, Emily Dickinson. As a young budding writer, I was always drawn to Dickinson's poetry. To me, she represented what a woman on her own in the world unattached to a man might learn to be, the great art that comes from women who might traditionally be overlooked. This episode initially aired in December, but I think Emily Dickinson should also be celebrated as a remarkable feminist. Now here's host Jenny Kaplan to tell you all about Emily Dickinson.
SPEAKER_04: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Womanica. Today's beautiful mind is considered one of America's greatest and most original poets, and perhaps one of the greatest lyric poets of all time. She's said to have been singularly brilliant, breaking conventions and boldly experimenting with new forms and ideas way ahead of her time. Though very few of her poems were published during her lifetime, her work has had an immense impact on subsequent generations. Let's talk about Emily Dickinson. Emily was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on December 10th, 1830, to Edward and Emily Dickinson. She was the second of three children. Emily's father, Edward, an ambitious lawyer and native son of Amherst, prided himself on playing a large role in the community as an elected state congressman, the treasurer of Amherst College, and the chairman of the annual cattle show. He also served one term as a U.S. Congressman. Much less is known about Emily's mother, though her surviving correspondence suggests a quirky intelligence that belies her reputation as a passive wife. Emily, her older brother Austin, and younger sister Lavinia all attended the one-room elementary school in Amherst before moving to Amherst Academy, a prestigious school out of which Amherst College has grown. After graduation from Amherst Academy, Emily enrolled at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, now Mount Holyoke College, but her experience there was not a happy one. She found the strict and invasive rules and religious requirements to be problematic. Emily was homesick, so she left Mount Holyoke after just one year and returned to her family home. At Mount Holyoke, as well as at home, Emily was surrounded by the religious tradition of strict evangelical Calvinism, which centered on the belief that humans are born totally depraved and can only be saved if they accept Jesus. Emily had a hard time with these beliefs and was the only member of her family to never join the church. Instead, she believed in the soul's immortality and the concepts of transcendentalism. She was disinterested in less symbolic conceptions of religious truth. This would become an important component of her poetry. Emily started writing poetry during her teen years, mostly in letters to friends, and none of it meant for publication or public viewing. A surprising number of these letters still exist today and show Emily's humor, gift for relaying anecdotes, and her sense that her correspondents were responding to her letters with less interest than she would have liked. This would become a bit of a constant theme. By her early 20s, Emily started to become more reclusive. She restricted her social activities and reduced her correspondents to a select few with whom she maintained intense relationships through letters. In 1855, Emily's mother fell ill. Because neither Emily nor her sister were married, the two were subsequently required to spend significant time on domestic pursuits, taking care of the Dickinson household. During that period, Emily increased her self-imposed isolation even further. Between 1855 and 1858, Emily wrote a lot of poetry. In the summer of 1858, Emily began compiling her work into little books. She wrote clean copies of her poems onto fine stationery and then sewed the sheets together at the fold to create small booklets. Over the course of about seven years, Emily created 40 booklets filled with about 800 poems. Poem 45 from Emily's collection entitled Snowflakes Reads. I counted till they danced till their slippers leaped the town. And then I took a pencil to note the rebels down. And then they grew so jolly I did resign the Prigg. And 10 of my once stately toes are marshaled for a jig for a jig. Because Emily never left any instructions regarding these booklets, we can only guess what her intentions were for them. Some believe that she was simply organizing her poems for convenience. Others believe that Emily wanted these booklets to eventually be published after death. In the late 1850s and early 1860s, Emily seems to have suffered through some kind of personal crisis that may have been partially due to romantic rejection. We don't have a clear record of exactly what was going on. But this, along with other issues in her family, made Emily heavily distressed and further increased her isolation. Instead of succumbing to whatever she was going through, Emily wrote extraordinary poems at an even more prolific rate. During the Civil War era, Emily explored the ironies of humanity, often tragic, such as the constant denial of fulfillment and the search for the divine in the everyday in her poems. She also wrote profoundly about what it meant to be a woman during her time, women's subjectivity and subordination, and the need for self-reliance and greater liberty. In her last 15 years, her social life was nearly completely conducted by correspondence. After her father's death in 1874, Emily even had a passionate romance with a Massachusetts Supreme Court judge entirely by letter. She continued to write about 35 poems per year. In the 1880s, Emily experienced tragedy after tragedy, as first her mother died and then many of her closest correspondents, one after another. This culminated in the sudden death of her beloved eight-year-old nephew. After that, she stopped seeing almost everyone. Emily Dickinson died of a stroke in 1886. She was 55 years old. After Emily's death, her sister Lavinia put extraordinary effort into getting Emily's poems published. With the help of Emily's remaining literary friends, Poems by Emily Dickinson was published in 1890. The volume received significant public interest and was acclaimed by famous author and critic William Dean Howells as a distinctly American voice because Emily's poetry, both in terms of content and especially style, was really quite ahead of its time. It took years before her greatness fully registered with the American poetry community and with the world at large. By the 1950s, leading poets like Hart Crane, Alan Tate, and Elizabeth Bishop, as well as the new critics, were enthralled with Emily's brilliance and were instrumental in establishing her place in the pantheon of great lyric poets. Tune in tomorrow for the story of Another Beautiful Mind. Special thanks to my favorite sister and co-creator, Liz Kaplan. Talk to you tomorrow. Before you go, I want to tell you about another show I think you'll like. Think about the books that have changed you, the ones that made you see the world in a whole new light. On the But That's Another Story podcast, best-selling author Will Schwalbe talks to influential guests about the moments and books that have been transformative for them. Here, Jodie Foster talk about how reading Franny and Zoe by J.D. Salinger convinced her to put her acting career on hold so she could go to college and form a community. Here, how Joan Didion's essay inspired Crazy Rich Asians author Kevin Kwan to move to New York. We love celebrating the books that have changed our lives, just like we love honoring the women who've shaped our history. Check out But That's Another Story wherever you get your podcasts.
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SPEAKER_10: Do you hear it? The clock is ticking. It's time for the new season of 60 Minutes. The CBS News Sunday Night tradition is back for its 56th season with all new big name interviews, hard-hitting investigations, and epic adventures. No place, no one, no story is off limits, and you'll always learn something new. It's time for 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS and streaming on Paramount+.
