Feminists: Adelaide Johnson

Episode Summary

Title: Feminists - Adelaide Johnson Summary: - Adelaide Johnson (1859-1955) was an American sculptor and feminist who fought for women's rights and recognition. - She began studying art in St. Louis, won prizes for her woodcarvings, and continued her studies in Europe. - In the 1890s, her work focused on the feminist movement. At the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, she exhibited busts of famous suffragists. - Her goal was to have those busts placed in the U.S. Capitol alongside statues of influential men. This did not happen initially. - In 1921, her sculpture "Memorial to the Pioneers of the Women's Suffrage Movement" depicting suffragists Mott, Stanton and Anthony was finally placed in the Capitol Rotunda. - This was the pinnacle of her career. Afterwards she struggled financially but remained committed to her feminist principles. - Adelaide was a passionate artist and activist who fought for the recognition of women's achievements. Her statue in the Capitol helped bring greater visibility to the suffrage movement.

Episode Show Notes

Adelaide Johnson (1859-1955) was a visual artist devoted to promoting gender equality. She was known as “The Sculptor of the Women’s Movement.”

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_09: How rude, Tanneritos. A Full House rewatch podcast is here. Join us as hosts Jodie Sweetin and Andrea Barber look back on their journey together as the iconic characters we all love, Stephanie Tanner and Kimmy Gibbler. Here's a quick preview brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. We spent our entire childhoods SPEAKER_02: on a little show called Full House. Playing frenemies, but becoming besties whenever the cameras weren't rolling. And now 35 years later, it's our biggest adventure yet. SPEAKER_09: You can listen to How Rude, Tanneritos on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. Brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. It's your journey. SPEAKER_00: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. If you're just tuning in for the first time, here's the deal. We're telling the stories of women from throughout history and around the world, who you may not know about, but definitely should. And in honor of Women's History Month, March is all about feminists. Women who fought for gender equity. Part of the reason we decided to create Encyclopedia Wamanica was to rectify the fact that women were often missing from the pages of our history books growing up. That absence is also notable when it comes to public statues. As of 2011, just 8% of public outdoor statues in the US depicted women, according to the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Art Inventories Catalog. The lack of such art exemplifies the fact that women's historical contributions are too often undervalued or ignored. Our feminist of the day worked to change that. She was devoted to promoting gender equality and was known as the sculptor of the women's movement. Let's talk about Adelaide Johnson. Sarah Adeline Johnson was born in 1859 in Plymouth, Illinois on her family's farm. She first began her artistic studies at the St. Louis School of Design. She excelled there and her work was exhibited at the St. Louis Exposition of 1877, where she won two prizes for wood carvings. Sarah was unconventional. In 1878, she changed her name from Sarah Adeline to Adelaide, a name she thought had more dramatic flair. Adelaide moved to Chicago and supported herself with her art. In January of 1882, Adelaide suffered serious injury. She was hurrying to her studio when she slipped and fell 20 feet down an open elevator shaft. She sued the company at fault and received $15,000. She used the money to fund further artistic study in Europe. Adelaide studied sculpture in Dresden, Germany, and in Rome, Italy, and worked in cities including London, New York, and Washington. By the 1890s, it was clear in her work that she was dedicated to the feminist movement. In 1893, at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, she exhibited individual busts of the most famous suffragists. Her goal was to have those sculptures placed in the U.S. Capitol Building alongside the men who shaped the country. But the people with the power to make that happen were not into it. Instead, the busts served a much different purpose. In 1896, Adelaide married a British businessman 11 years her junior named Frederick Jenkins. The ceremony bucked tradition. The suffragist busts served as Adelaide's bridesmaids. The minister was a woman, and Frederick took Adelaide's last name. He said he did so as the tribute love pays to genius. Fun fact, Adelaide and Frederick were both vegetarians. Still, that wasn't enough to keep the marriage going, and the couple divorced after 12 years. Adelaide remained determined to get a statue honoring the suffragists into the U.S. Capitol. She received a commission from the National Woman's Party, an organization founded by Alice Paul, who we'll be covering later this month, and Lucy Burns. Out of an eight-ton slab of marble, Adelaide sculpted what she called Memorial to the Pioneers of the Women's Suffrage Movement. It's a statue of Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony. The National Woman's Party successfully fought for the piece to be dedicated at the Capitol. Congress did so on Susan B. Anthony's birthday, February 15th, 1921, and held a reception honoring Adelaide. Despite the fanfare, the sculpture was placed in the crypt of the Capitol Building for more than 70 years. It was finally moved to the Rotunda in 1997. The completion of that piece was Adelaide's career apex. Afterwards, she struggled financially. She was picky about sales, refusing to sell her art for less than what she thought it was worth. Adelaide also failed to pay her taxes and was therefore evicted. Before moving out, she protested by inviting members of the press to watch her disfigure her work. Truly strapped for cash, Adelaide even attempted to turn things around by competing on a TV quiz show. Adelaide was a passionate, talented artist and activist with a big personality. She frequently lied about her age, going so far as to have a celebration for her 100th birthday when she was just 88. Adelaide died in 1955. She was 96 years old. She's buried at the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. All month, we're talking about feminists. We've covered feminists in every theme so far. What differentiates this month is that we'll be looking at women who were particularly important to the women's rights movement, the suffrage movement, and or modern feminism and feminist theory. On Saturdays, we're talking about modern feminists and this month's sponsor, Fiverr. On Sundays, we're highlighting favorite feminists from past months chosen by other podcast hosts we love. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our new Encyclopedia Wamanica newsletter. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Wamanica, and you can follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. This month of Encyclopedia Wamanica is brought to you by Fiverr. Fiverr's an online digital services marketplace, connecting businesses with women who are creating, designing, copywriting, programming, editing, and more. For women, the ability to work flexibly and on our own terms is highly valued. Fiverr's one of the rare platforms where globally, women are, on average, making 19% more than men. That's something to celebrate this Women's History Month, as we call for more industry leaders to join with Fiverr and make strides in closing the gap, supporting women in changing current stereotypes and the status quo. Fiverr's marketplace helps the world's feminists get more done with less. Take five and learn more about how Fiverr's celebrating International Women's Day by supporting the female talent on Fiverr's platform at fverr.co slash women. 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