SPEAKER_00: Reboot your credit card with Apple Card. It gives you unlimited daily cash back that can earn 4.15% annual percentage yield when you open a savings account. A high yield, low effort way to grow your money with no fees. Apply for Apple Card now in the Wallet app on iPhone to start earning and growing your daily cash with savings today. Apple Card subject to credit approval. Savings is available to Apple Card owners subject to eligibility. Savings accounts by Goldman Sachs Bank USA. Member FDIC, terms apply.
SPEAKER_05: Sick of paying $100 for groceries and getting nothing but eggs, orange juice, and a paper bag? Then download the Drop app. Drop lets you earn points with your everyday shopping and redeem them for gift cards. Want a free dinner with those groceries? Drop it. How about daily lattes? Drop it. So download Drop today and get $5 just for signing up. Use invite code GETDROP777.
SPEAKER_02: My name is Diana Hock and I'm an operations manager at Morgan & Morgan. At Morgan & Morgan, we've made it really easy. Anything that we need from you, you're able to do from the comfort of your home. You can just dial pound law and you talk to someone like me.
SPEAKER_06: If you or any one of your family has been injured, call Morgan & Morgan, America's largest injury law firm. We've collected over $15 billion for our clients. It's easy. Visit forthepeople.com for an office near you.
SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan,
SPEAKER_01: and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today's explorer famously traveled from the Missouri River to the Pacific Coast, carrying her son on her back. Her presence as a young mother, her skills as an interpreter, and her ability as a guide gave protection to the white men she accompanied, despite their goal of controlling her own people's lands. Let's talk about Sakagawea. Sakagawea was born around 1790 on Lemhi Shoshone Land in what's now called the state of Idaho. When she was 10 years old, Sakagawea was kidnapped by the Hidatsa tribe and brought to their village in what we now call North Dakota. Just a few years later, she was married off to Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian trader. Though sometimes called Sakagawea, Sakagawea is believed to be the correct pronunciation, as there's no soft G in the Hidatsa language. Sakaga means bird, and wea means woman. In 1803, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase from France. Overnight, the country's territory literally doubled, but France had to go to the United States to get to the United States. The country's territory doubled, but France had controlled very little of those 828,000 miles. Most of it remained indigenous land, inhabited by a number of tribes. What the United States really paid for was the so-called right to take the land away by treaty or by conquest. To determine the actual boundaries of their new territory, President Thomas Jefferson hired Meriwether Lewis, a former captain in the army, to investigate. Lewis and Clark. Accompanied by 40 men and three boats, Lewis and Clark set out with three goals. First, to explore the land. Second, to establish trade with and sovereignty over indigenous tribes. And third, to claim the Pacific Coast before Europeans could. They were called the Corps of Discovery. In the winter of 1804, Lewis and Clark set sail down the Missouri River, in present-day Bismarck, North Dakota. The Corps decided to winter there, near the Hidatsa villages where Sakagawea and her husband, Toussaint Charbonneau, lived. When news of the Corps reached the Hidatsa, Toussaint proposed that Lewis and Clark hire him as a guide. Toussaint knew Hidatsa and the sign language common among river tribes. And then there was his wife, Sakagawea. She was Shoshone, a status that would be useful as the group traveled west. Lewis and Clark agreed to hire both Toussaint and Sakagawea, despite the fact that Sakagawea was pregnant. On February 11th, 1805, Sakagawea gave birth to her son, named Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau. She nicknamed him Pomp, Shoshone for first born. On April 7th, the Corps of Discovery set off for the west, with Sakagawea carrying her infant son on her back. She was no older than 18. It was soon clear how essential Sakagawea was to the expedition. Over the course of their 8,000 mile journey, the Corps encountered over 50 tribes. As a woman, a young mother, and a Shoshone, Sakagawea lent the otherwise all-male, all-white Corps an air of peace, of curiosity rather than conquering. Sakagawea often translated for the Corps and was skilled at identifying and using native plants. She also kept a clear head, at one point saving a boat loaded with supplies from capsizing. In July 1805, as the Corps paddled up the Missouri, Sakagawea recognized several familiar landmarks. It was Shoshone land. She arranged for Lewis and Clark to meet with the chief in August. As she translated, Sakagawea realized the chief was her brother. She threw her arms around him crying tears of joy. Despite the reunion, Sakagawea remained with Lewis and Clark as an interpreter. She convinced the Shoshone to provide horses and additional guides and the Corps traveled onward. On November 8th, 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition reached the Pacific Ocean. They had faced starvation, dehydration, dangerous weather, and treacherous water. Sakagawea had survived it all while caring for her baby. When they decided on where to stay the winter, Sakagawea's vote was counted along with the rest of the expedition's members. On the trip back east, Lewis and Clark split up. Sakagawea and her family went with Clark. She guided the group south along the Yellowstone River and through the Bozeman Pass. Clark, in his diary, called Sakagawea his pilot. In August 1806, Sakagawea and her family left the expedition having made their way back to Hidatsa land. William Clark offered to take Sakagawea's son, Pomp, to St. Louis and to raise him as his own. Though Sakagawea initially refused, she and her husband, Toussaint, visited Clark in 1810. Pomp, at the age of five, came to to live with Clark permanently. The last few years of Sakagawea's life are somewhat controversial. She gave birth to a second child named Luzette in 1812. Records from Fort Manuel where she was living indicate that she died from typhus a few months after Luzette's birth. She would have been, at most, just 24 years old. But according to some Native American oral histories, there's a more hopeful ending that Sakagawea died much later, in 1884, finally back on Shoshone land.
SPEAKER_01: All month, we're talking about explorers and contenders. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our Encyclopedia Wamanaka newsletter, Wamanaka Weekly. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at encyclopediawamanaka, and you can follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.
SPEAKER_01: Talk to you tomorrow.
SPEAKER_07: AT&T and Verizon lure you in with their best phone offers, only to lock you into a three-year phone contract, not at T-Mobile. Now, with T-Mobile's best Go 5G plans, upgrade when you want. Every year, or every two, you decide. Visit T-Mobile.com to take charge of your upgrades.
SPEAKER_04: And you'll always learn something new. It's time for 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS, and streaming on Paramount+. When you're an American Express Platinum card member, don't be surprised if you say things like, Chef, what course are we on?
SPEAKER_03: I've lost count. Or... Shoot that, shoot that! And even... Check out us on Till Free. We're here to help you. We're here to help you.
SPEAKER_05: We're here to help you. Check out us not until four, so...
SPEAKER_03: Because the American Express Platinum card offers access to exclusive reservations at renowned restaurants, elevated experiences at live events, and 4 p.m. late checkout at fine hotels and resorts booked through Amex Travel. See how to elevate your experiences at AmericanExpress.com slash with Amex. Don't live life without it. Terms apply.
