Educators: Prudence Crandall

Episode Summary

Prudence Crandall was born in Rhode Island in 1803. She moved to Canterbury, Connecticut as a child and received an exceptional education for a girl at the time, studying subjects like Latin and science. In 1831, Crandall opened a private boarding school for wealthy white girls that was considered one of the best in Connecticut. Encouraged by her black housekeeper Marsha Davis, Crandall enrolled Sarah Harris, a black girl eager to become a teacher, in 1832. Outraged white parents withdrew their daughters, so Crandall decided to convert the school into one solely for black girls with the help of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. The integrated school opened in 1833 with 24 students, but was met with fierce opposition. Crandall and her students faced constant harassment and threats. The Connecticut legislature passed the Black Law prohibiting educating black people from out of state, but Crandall continued teaching, leading to her arrest. Though Crandall won an appeal on a technicality in 1834, an angry mob soon violently attacked the school, forcing its closure. Crandall later opened schools in Illinois and Kansas and remained involved in abolition and women's rights. She received a small pension from Connecticut as an apology in 1886 and died in 1890 at age 87.

Episode Show Notes

Prudence Crandall (1803-1890), a Quaker abolitionist and teacher, bravely stood apart from 19th-century societal norms and confronted racism when she opened one of the first schools for African-American girls in Connecticut in 1833. For those of you tuning in for the first time, welcome! Here’s the deal: Every weekday, we highlight the stories of iconic women in history you may not know about, but definitely should. We’re talking about women from around the world and throughout history. Each month is themed. This month we’re going back to school, highlighting educators and intellectuals.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_01: This year, Hyundai features their all electric Hyundai IONIQ lineup as a proud sponsor of the I Heart Radio Music Festival in Las Vegas with two high tech models. The IONIQ 5 can take you an EPA estimated 303 miles on a single charge and has available two way charging for electronic equipment inside and outside the car. The IONIQ 6 boasts a mind blowing range of up to 360 miles and can deliver up to an 80% charge in just 18 minutes with its 800 volt DC ultra fast charger. Check out Hyundai at the I Heart Radio Music Festival in Las Vegas as their all star IONIQ lineup hits the stage like you've never seen before. Hyundai, it's your journey. SPEAKER_00: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Wamanaka. Welcome to season three and for all of those celebrating Shenateau Vah. This month, we're going back to school, talking about educators and intellectuals who have changed the way we learn. Our story today takes us back to the mid 1800s in Canterbury, Connecticut, where one woman braved legal and social harassment to open one of the first schools for black girls. Let's talk about Prudence Crandall. Prudence was born on September 3rd, 1803 in Rhode Island. Both of her parents, Pardon and Esther were farmers. When Prudence was young, her family relocated to Canterbury, Connecticut. There, Prudence studied arithmetic, Latin and science, topics not normally taught to girls at the time. But Prudence's family was Quaker and Quakers believe in equal opportunity for education. In 1831, Prudence opened her own private school for girls, the Canterbury Female Boarding School. The school served the wealthiest Canterbury families and was a source of great pride in the community. It was ranked as one of the best schools in Connecticut with a curriculum that rivaled even the most elite all boys schools. But Prudence's school was not entirely equal. All of her students were white. To encourage Prudence to take a more progressive stance, Prudence's black housekeeper, Marsha Davis, began strategically leaving copies of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator in places where she knew Prudence would find them. The Liberator promoted the need for immediate abolition as opposed to a gradual abolition that was more commonly supported by the New England elite. Sarah Harris, who came from a prominent black family in the area, was the first to actively approach Prudence about integrating the school. Sarah was eager to continue her own education so that she could become a teacher for other black children. And in 1832, Prudence enrolled Sarah in the Canterbury Boarding School. The decision was met with outrage. White parents demanded that Prudence expel Sarah. When she refused, they withdrew their daughters from the school. Realizing that she'd need to find new sources of tuition, Prudence went to speak with William Lloyd Garrison, the outspoken white abolitionist and publisher of The Liberator. Prudence and William discussed the possibility of converting the Canterbury School into a school entirely for black girls. William connected Prudence with many of the most prominent black families in New England. And in 1833, the school reopened with a new mission, to educate, quote, young ladies and little misses of color. The class consisted of 24 students, and the curriculum remained identical to that of the original Canterbury School. Again, the community lashed out. Prudence and her students became the subject of incessant attacks. They were refused service at shops and restaurants. Locals threw stones and eggs at the schoolhouse. One group even tried to set it on fire. Later that year, in 1833, the Connecticut General Assembly enacted the Black Law. The Black Law made it illegal for black people from outside the state to be educated in the state of Connecticut without the town's explicit consent. Prudence was undeterred. She believed the law to be unconstitutional and continued teaching. As a result, she was arrested on June 27th, 1833 and spent one night in jail. Prudence was found guilty of violating the Black Law a few months later. The judge in the case asserted that black people were not citizens and therefore were not entitled to pursue an education. In July of 1834, Prudence appealed the decision to the Connecticut Supreme Court and won, but only on a technicality. The court did not recognize or side with the moral argument she was making. That fall, an angry mob broke into the school. Wielding iron bars and clubs, the mob smashed windows, ransacked the building, and threatened the students. Fearing for their safety, Prudence officially closed the school on September 10th, 1834. Following the attack, Prudence faded out of the public eye. She married a Baptist minister and fellow abolitionist in 1835, and the two moved to Illinois. There, Prudence opened another school and became involved in the women's suffrage movement. She remained close to her student, Sarah Harris, who became an abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad. Five of the other black girls that Prudence taught went on to become teachers in their communities. After Prudence's husband died in 1874, Prudence relocated to Elk Falls, Kansas to live with her brother. In Kansas, Prudence opened another school that served indigenous students. Although Connecticut's Black Law was repealed in 1838, just four years after the riots at the Canterbury School, Prudence did not receive an apology until nearly 50 years later. In 1886, under pressure from Mark Twain to write the state's injustice, the Connecticut State Legislature offered Prudence a small pension as repayment for her mistreatment. Prudence Crandall died in Elk Falls, Kansas in 1890. She was 87 years old. All month, we're going back to school, talking about women who changed the world of education. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanika Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram, at Womanika. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. This month of Encyclopedia Womanika is proudly supported by UNC Greensboro. Founded as a women's college in 1891, UNC Greensboro presents She Can, We Can, beyond the women's suffrage centennial. Through performances, films, lectures, and concerts, UNCG examines how the decisions from our past affect us today. Join the experience and learn more at shecanwecan.uncg.edu. SPEAKER_02: Now is the time to flex your footprint. With T-Mobile for Business and the nation's largest 5G network, inspiration can strike from virtually anywhere. 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