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SPEAKER_01: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica. Welcome to season three. All month, we're going back to school, talking about educators and intellectuals who've changed how we learn. Today, we're talking about a woman who was a pioneer in the field of child literacy. Her work changed the way teachers and researchers thought about children struggling to read or write and how they could read. Let's talk about Mari Clay. Mari was born in 1926 in Wellington, New Zealand. When she was five years old, her parents divorced. Mari lived primarily with her mother, but bounced between both parents' houses. As a result, Mari ended up attending four different primary schools, something that would later influence her career to study. She was born in the late 19th century, something that would later influence her career trajectory. In 1945, Mari earned her primary school teaching credentials at Wellington College of Education. Following her time at Wellington, Mari went on to earn both her bachelor's and master's degree. Her master's thesis focused on finding solutions for teaching special needs students how to read and write. In the 1950s, Mari was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship. The award allowed her to continue her research at the University of Minnesota in developmental child psychology and childhood literacy. During her studies, Mari came to disagree with the prevailing literature about the ability of low-achieving students to learn to read. Instead, Mari developed her own viewpoints that would shape her research for decades to come. After finishing her Fulbright, Mari moved back to Wanganui, New Zealand, where she taught elementary school and worked as a school psychologist. Then, in 1960, she moved to Auckland and joined the University of Auckland's faculty. She taught educational psychology while pursuing her doctoral degree. She was interested in understanding how children learn to read and how teachers could better support the children who were falling behind. Her research was unique because it focused on closely observing a child's development over time. Her methodologies helped develop reliable observation tools that are still used in child literacy research today. Over the next several years, Mari climbed the faculty ranks at the University of Auckland and published a book about how to intervene when a child is falling behind. In 1976, Mari developed a program called Reading Recovery. It transformed traditional education settings by directly catering to first-graders falling behind their reading goals. While designing the program, Mari centered the voices and experiences of children, teachers, and parents. The final design involved giving kids half-hour individual tutoring sessions for 12 to 20 weeks. The program started on a trial basis in five schools in 1978. By the following year, it was being replicated in 48 schools across Auckland. By the 1980s, it was a national education program in New Zealand. Today, there are reading recovery programs in most English-speaking countries, and the program has been translated for Spanish and French speakers. For her contributions to education research and child literacy, Mari was inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame. In 1987, she was made Dame Commander of the British Empire. Mari died on April 13th, 2007 in Auckland, New Zealand. She was 81 years old. Mari's work fundamentally changed the field of education by shifting the way people taught elementary school children how to read. All month, we're going back to school. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanaka Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram, at Womanaka. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. As always, we'll be taking a break for the weekend. Talk to you on Monday. This month of Encyclopedia Womanaka is proudly supported by UNC Greensboro. Founded as a women's college in 1891, UNC Greensboro presents She Can, We Can, Beyond the Women's Suffrage Centennial. Through performances, films, lectures, and concerts, UNCG examines how the decisions from our past affect us today. Join the experience and learn more at shecanwecan.uncg.edu.
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SPEAKER_04: Do you hear it? The clock is ticking. It's time for the new season of 60 Minutes. The CBS News Sunday Night tradition is back for its 56th season with all new big name interviews, hard-hitting investigations, and epic adventures. No place, no one, no story is off limits, and you'll always learn something new. It's time for 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS and streaming on Paramount+.
SPEAKER_08: From iHeart Podcast, Supreme, The Battle for Roe tells the story of the unlikely champions behind the landmark case Roe v. Wade, starring Maya Hawk as 26-year-old lead attorney Sarah Weddington. We're challenging the Texas abortion laws in federal court. And Academy Award nominee William H. Macy as Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun. Time is not the most important factor. Getting it right is. Listen to the podcast, Supreme, The Battle for Roe on the iHeart Radio app or wherever you get your podcasts.
