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SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Wamanica. In a park in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, stands a tall statue of a woman with a child on each side. The plaque at her feet describes the teacher who established the first kindergarten in Latin America. It reads, she dreamed, created, carried out with talent and love, an imperishable work. Please welcome Enricheta Comte Erique. Enricheta Comte Erique was born in 1866 in Barcelona, Spain. She and her family fled to Uruguay seven years later after the fall of the First Spanish Republic. Enricheta's uncle taught her how to read and write. And despite being nearsighted, Enricheta dedicated herself to her studies. Enricheta was just 19 years old when she completed her studies and qualifications as a teacher. A few years later, in 1889, the federal government commissioned Enricheta to travel to Europe. She was to observe and study preschool education. She traveled through Germany, Belgium, Holland, France, and Switzerland and encountered something revelatory, the Froebel Kindergarten. Friedrich Froebel coined the term in practice Froebel's Kindergarten, or Children's Garden, in 1840. He countered the idea that young children did not have the ability to focus or to develop cognitive and emotional skills at a young age by creating a system of education, centering on play, observation, and time outside. Friedrich believed that, quote, "'Playing is the highest expression of human development. "'It is the free expression of what's within "'a child's soul.'" Enricheta returned home to Uruguay with this philosophy in hand and founded the first kindergarten in Uruguay and all of Latin America in 1892. She didn't plan to copy Friedrich Froebel's Kindergarten, but rather to adapt his system to life in Uruguay. Uruguayan education expert Elizabeth Ivaldi wrote that Enricheta thought it necessary to know how to laugh with children, how to feel sympathy for those who look, chat, touch, and disobey. Enricheta did not necessarily consider the methodical child, the one dressed as if he were a window doll, the best student. In her classroom, Enricheta used a method she called the lesson of the incident. She began with something that interested the students. Perhaps it was that they were fascinated by the anthill in the garden. From that starting point, she elaborated their lesson of the day, curated to what captured their imaginations. She promoted listening to the children and their experiences. Enricheta wrote several books and contributed to many magazines throughout her life. She wrote on methods to teach young children while respecting their individuality and personal ways of learning. Her staunch humanism was evident throughout her life. She fought for women to vote in Uruguay, joined peace commissions, and in her later years, regularly visited incarcerated people to help give them a support system. To this day, the oldest preschool on the South American continent, the one Enricheta founded, bears her name. Enricheta died on October 18th, 1949. She was 82 years old. After her death, a friend published a small volume of poems Enricheta had written. Her dedication to the creative freedom and power of her students was evident in the preface to her collection. It reads, the children in my school are a garden filled with flowers, bees, butterflies, and birds. If you want to sing my verses, you must invent your own tunes, since I have not set them to music. You can do so if you wish, just as my children have often done. For every one of us has in his soul the power to express his feelings in drawings, words, and music. What do we do? What do we do? All month, we're going back to school, talking about women who changed the world of education. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanica Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopaedia Womanica. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. As always, we'll be taking a break for the weekend. Talk to you on Monday. This month of Encyclopaedia Womanica is proudly supported by UNC Greensboro. Founded as a women's college in 1891, UNC Greensboro presents She Can, We Can, beyond the women's suffrage centennial. Through performances, films, lectures, and concerts, UNCG examines how the decisions from our past affect us today. Join the experience and learn more at shecanwecan.uncg.edu.
