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SPEAKER_01: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Every weekday for a year, we're telling the story of a different woman from throughout history who you may or may not know about, but definitely should. So many incredible artists from the Renaissance have become household names. Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael, there's a woman who should stand among them. She was one of the first female artists to gain an international reputation, and some of the top influencers of the era recognized her work. Let's talk about Sophonispa Anguissola. Sophonispa was born in 1532 into a wealthy family in Cremona, Italy. She was the eldest of six sisters and one brother. Most female artists are the first to be married Most female artists at the time were simply following in the footsteps of their fathers, but Sophonispa was different. Her father was a nobleman. Like many Renaissance men, Sophonispa's father valued education. So in 1546, he sent Sophonispa and her sister Elena to board with Bernardino Campi, a local well-renowned painter. Sophonispa showed significant artistic talent and went on to continue her training with another artist, Bernardino Gatti. There, she grew to appreciate the work of the artist Correggio, who used dynamic composition and contrast between light and dark, known as chiaroscuro, to full effect. This interplay of light and dark was an innovation of Renaissance painting and allowed for the fully fleshed, highly realistic work characteristic of the era. Sophonispa also received recognition and encouragement from Michelangelo, who was in his 80s when she knew him and was grieving the death of his longtime companion, Pietro Rubino. After Sophonispa sent Michelangelo some of her work, he challenged her to draw a crying boy. The request prompted Sophonispa to sketch "'Child Bitten by Crab,'" a piece that was discussed and copied for the following 50 years by the artist community. Michelangelo recognized Sophonispa's talent right away, and they corresponded for two years. She even met up with him when she visited Rome. Some of Sophonispa's paintings can still be seen today, including her well-known piece, "'The Chess Game,'" which she completed in 1555. The painting features three of her sisters playing a game of chess in front of a gorgeous landscape. Many of her works depict herself and her family. Sophonispa's reputation began to spread, aided by her association with Michelangelo. In 1559, she was invited to the court of Philip II in Madrid. There, she painted portraits, attended to the Infanta Isabella Clara Ohana, and was a lady-in-waiting to Philip's third wife. Around 1571, Sophonispa married a Sicilian man named Fabrizio de Moncada, with a dowry provided by King Philip II. She was widowed eight years later. Soon after her first husband died, Sophonispa met a Genoese nobleman and ship captain. The two married in 1580 and lived in Genoa from 1584 to around 1616. During that period, Sophonispa's work was influenced by the work of Genoese painter Luca Cambiasso. Shortly before she died, Sophonispa was visited by the famed Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck, England's leading court painter. He painted her portrait, took notes on her advice to him, and praised her mental aptitude. Sophonispa was a force to be reckoned with right up until she passed away in 1625 at the astonishing age of 93. Giorgio Vasari, a commentator of the era, saw Sophonispa's work in 1566 and summarized her abilities in his book, "'Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.'" He wrote that she, quote, "'Worked with deeper study and greater grace than any woman of our times.'" Like many early women painters, Sophonispa's work was often attributed to her male contemporaries. In a time known mostly for work by men, Sophonispa Anguissola made an indelible impression with her artistic creations and should be remembered alongside the other famous people of the era. As always, we're taking a break for the weekend, but we'll be back on Monday with the story of another amazing dreamer. This month of Encyclopedia Womanica is brought to you by Casper. Casper mattresses and products let today's dreamers get the sleep they need to turn their ideas into reality. Special thanks to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and the amazing researcher behind this collection of women. Have a great weekend and talk to you on Monday.
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