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SPEAKER_00: I wanna make mud pies. In fact, I'd like to be a mess. I wanna make mud pies.
SPEAKER_02: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. If you're just tuning in, here's the deal. Every day we're telling the story of a different woman from throughout history who you may or may not know about, but definitely should. Each month has a theme and this month we've been talking about dreamers, women to remember for their creative accomplishments. Today's dreamer is a household name. Her charismatic acting, dancing, and singing lit up the big screen. As a child actor with her signature ringlets, she was the number one box office draw from 1935 to 1938 and gave name to a delicious non-alcoholic bar drink. As an adult, she was the US ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. Let's talk about Shirley Temple. Shirley Temple was born on April 23rd, 1928 in Santa Monica, California to homemaker Gertrude Amelia Temple and bank employee George Francis Temple. Shirley was the youngest of three kids. She had two older brothers, John Stanley and George Francis Jr. After Shirley's birth, the family moved to nearby Brentwood. When she was three years old, already sporting her iconic ringlets, Shirley's mother enrolled her in Meg Lynn's dance school. It was there that she was spotted by Charles Lamont, a casting director for educational pictures. Intimidated by the man's presence, Shirley hid her own piano, but Lamont was still impressed by her poise and natural performance ability. So in 1932, he signed her to act in a series of short films called Baby Burlesques by casting preschoolers in the roles that would typically be played by adults. Though Shirley later called the series a cynical exploitation of our childish innocence that occasionally were racist or sexist, it was the spark that launched her career. Two years later, Shirley starred in the internationally acclaimed film Bright Eyes. And in 1935, she received a Juvenile Academy Award recognizing her work from the year before. Through the 1930s, Shirley starred in hit after hit, including Curly Top and Heidi. She often played a fixer-upper, a precocious cupid, or the good fairy in these films, reuniting her estranged parents or smoothing out the wrinkles and the romances of young couples. Elements of traditional fairy tale were woven into her films. Wholesome goodness triumphing over meanness and evil, for example, or wealth over poverty, marriage over divorce, or a booming economy over a depressed one. But Shirley's box office popularity waned as she reached adolescence. She appeared in a few films in her teens before retiring from movies in 1950 at the age of 22. In 1958, Shirley returned to show business with a two-season television anthology series of fairy tale adaptation. Many would be surprised to learn about the mistreatment Shirley experienced during her childhood career.
SPEAKER_01: Well, when we misbehaved, they had two sound boxes on our set. One of them had a big cake of ice in it. And when any of us misbehaved, we were sent one by one into the black box to cool off and think about it, in the dark with the door closed. I got a lot of earaches. I got a lot of styes. I got a lot of problems from that.
SPEAKER_02: I was in the box several times. She also said she faced attempted sexual assault from several producers and executives. Shirley's success story doesn't end in childhood. In fact, one Atlantic article called her the child star who wasn't a cautionary tale since she flourished so much in her adult life. Shirley sat on the boards of many corporations and organizations, including Del Monte Foods, the National Wildlife Federation, and even the Walt Disney Company. Then, in 1967, she decided to run for Congress. Though she lost her race, she launched a lengthy diplomatic career. In 1969, Shirley was appointed as US delegate to the United Nations by President Richard Nixon. Then in 1974, President Gerald Ford appointed her US ambassador to Ghana, and in 1976, Ford made her the first female chief of protocol at the State Department. In 1989, under President George H.W. Bush, Shirley became the first and only female US ambassador to Czechoslovakia. Over the course of her life, Shirley received many awards, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award, and she's listed as 18th on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female American screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema. She died on February 10th, 2014, at the age of 85. Shirley Temple lived an incredibly accomplished life from her earliest years to the very end. Today is the final episode of July's theme, Dreamers. Tomorrow, we're starting something new. Our theme for August is villainesses. This month of Encyclopedia Wamanica was brought to you by Casper. Casper mattresses and products let today's dreamers get the sleep they need to turn their ideas into reality. Special shout out to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my sister and the brain behind this incredible collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow.
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