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SPEAKER_01: Hello from Wonder Media Network. I'm Jenny Kaplan and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. If you're just tuning in, here's the deal. Every weekday for a year, we're telling the story of a different woman from throughout history who you may or may not know about but definitely should. Each episode is five minutes and every month has a different theme. This month we're talking about dreamers. Women to remember for their creative accomplishments. People of color have trouble landing roles in Hollywood today, so it's hard to imagine how hard it was in the 1930s. Today we're talking about a woman who transcended appalling racism to act in dozens of movies. Some praise her for increasing the visibility and societal acceptance of African Americans, while others criticize her for reinforcing stereotypes in her roles. Let's talk about Hattie McDaniel.
SPEAKER_09: Oh now Miss Scarlett, you come on and be good and eat just a little. No! I'm going to have a good time today and do my eating at the barbecue. If you don't care what folks says about this family, I do. I has told you and told you that you can always tell a lady but the way that she eating.
SPEAKER_01: Hattie was born in 1895 in Wichita, Kansas and soon after her family moved to Denver, Colorado. Hattie showed talent from an early age and left school in 1910 at only 15 years old to perform in several traveling minstrel groups. In the mid-1920s, she became one of the first black women to be broadcast on American radio. But when the Great Depression hit, opportunities for minstrel work declined. Hattie instead had to work as a bathroom attendant at Sam Pick's Club in Milwaukee. The owners of the club normally only allowed white people to perform there, but they reluctantly let Hattie perform after some customers urged them to make an exception. Hattie became a hit. She performed at the club for over a year before leaving for Los Angeles. There, she performed on a small radio show called The Optimist Do Nuts as the character Hi-Hat Hattie. Though she soon became the show's main attraction, she still had to work as a maid to make ends meet. In 1932, Hattie made her film debut playing a maid in the Golden West. Soon thereafter, she was cast at the 1934 movie Judge Priest playing Aunt Dilsey, another service-oriented role that featured a duet with the lead actor. Hattie's popularity grew. Throughout the 1930s, she played a maid or cook with many other famous actors in almost 40 films. Her career traction led to Hattie winning the sought-after role of Mammy in Gone with the Wind, which, by the way, is still the highest-grossing movie of all time
SPEAKER_01: when you adjust for inflation. As a result of her part in the movie, Hattie made history. She was the first Black person to win an Academy Award when she won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. Though her award was positively received in the Black press, it also stirred up controversy.
SPEAKER_01: At that time, the NAACP and other Black activist organizations were pressing Hollywood to stop stereotyping African Americans and pressing actors to speak up against roles falsely depicting Black people as subservient, unintelligent, lazy, or violent. They argued that portrayals like Hattie's as Mammy harmed all Black people. But Hattie continued to take the same types of roles, arguing that she would rather play a maid in movies than be forced to be one in real life. As the organization's activism led to a decline in such typecast roles, Hattie's movie acting opportunities dwindled. Her last film appearances were in Mickey in 1948 and Family Honeymoon in 1949. Still, Hattie wasn't done acting. She made history again by becoming the first Black American to star in a radio show. It was called The Beulah Show, and she once again played a maid. The Beulah Show. Don't let nobody tell you that I'm in the market for a husband.
SPEAKER_09: Of course I would be, but they don't sell husbands in the market. The Beulah Show was a smash hit,
SPEAKER_01: and Hattie had the opportunity to film segments of the show for television in 1951. While on that set, Hattie suffered a heart attack. She survived and recovered enough to tape a few more radio shows in 1952, but she passed away from breast cancer later that same year. Though not everyone agrees with Hattie McDaniel's legacy, no one can deny the fact that she broke barriers and made a lasting mark on Hollywood. I sincerely hope I shall always be a credit to
SPEAKER_09: my race and to the motion picture industry. My heart is too full to tell you just how I feel, and may I say thank you. God bless you. This month of Encyclopedia Wamanica is brought to
SPEAKER_01: you by Casper. Casper's mattresses and other products allow dreamers to turn today's ideas into tomorrow's reality. Special shout out to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and the researcher behind this collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow. You're at a place you just discovered, and being an American Express Platinum card member with
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