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SPEAKER_01: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Happy July. Today marks the beginning of our second month of Wamanica
SPEAKER_02: and therefore our second monthly theme. This time we're focusing on dreamers. We're highlighting women who made a significant impact through their creative work. Just like last month, we'll be talking about women from all over the world and from all different time periods. The through line is that these creators did something extraordinary. For the story of today's dreamer, we'll travel back to the very hot, mostly empty desert of seventh century Arabia to meet the woman who's considered the greatest female poet in Arabic literature. Let's talk about Al-Khansa. Al-Khansa was born in Arabia around 575 CE into a powerful pre-Islamic tribal family. She was born with a different name, but was given Al-Khansa as a pen name, meaning either snub nose or gazelle. In 612 CE, Al-Khansa's brother, Muawiyah, was killed by members of a rival tribe during a raid. Al-Khansa begged another of her brothers, Sahar, to avenge the death, and he did. But Sahar was tragically wounded during the fight and died himself a year later. Al-Khansa was distraught. During this period, female poets in Arabia traditionally wrote elegies for the dead that they performed at oral competitions. In honor of her brothers, Al-Khansa composed a series of elegies that soon brought her to the attention of the masses. Her elegies are described as some of the most beautiful and stirring compositions ever heard. They embodied the struggle and grief of life in the desolate world around her. A translation of one of Al-Khansa's most famous elegies to her brother, Sahar, reads, "'Go then, may God not keep you far, a man such as you, "'one who prosecutes injustice and exacts retaliations. "'You bore a non-oppressive heart upright, "'unbending like a spearhead whose blade "'illuminates the night, firm and resolute, "'noble and of noble descent. "'And I shall weep for you as long as the dove coos "'and as long as the stars light up the dark "'for the night traveler.'" Al-Khansa lived during the time of the prophet Muhammad. In fact, their lives nearly overlapped perfectly. It was a complex and important period in world history as the era shifted from pre-Islamic to Islamic. Al-Khansa converted to Islam as an adult after being inspired by the prophet himself. She continued to write and became an observer of some of the most important events in the nascent religion. Four of Al-Khansa's sons, who had also converted to Islam, died at the Battle of Qadissiyah in 636 CE. It was a legendary fight during the first period of Muslim conquest, when the much smaller Arab Muslim army beat the powerful forces of the Sasanian Empire. Al-Khansa mourned her sons for the rest of her life and wrote beautiful elegies for them too. Though she had become a devout Muslim, she refused to remove her traditional tribal mourning shrouds in honor of her lost family. The fact that Al-Khansa lived through such an important period of history, the birth of Islam, means her poetry's not only incredibly beautiful, but also highly valuable from a historical perspective. The prophet Muhammad was known to have enjoyed her poetry and asked her to compose pieces to recite at his gatherings. Al-Khansa is most famous for her elegies, but she also wrote poems about honor, love, family values, and traditions. Al-Khansa's poetry was highly acclaimed during her lifetime and not just by the masses, but by fellow poets too. One well-known anecdote alleges that the most famous male poet of the day told her, quote, "'You are the greatest poet among those with a womb.'" Al-Khansa replied, "'I'm the greatest poet among those with testicles too.'" Al-Khansa had a lasting impact on Islamic art. The 20th century writer and artist Khalil Gibran, who's sometimes called the Arab Shakespeare, was so inspired by Al-Khansa's work and life that he sketched a famous portrait of her looking down and mourning. It remains the best known representation of the poet today. Tune in tomorrow as we head all the way around the world to South America to meet another inspiring dreamer. This month of Encyclopedia Wamanica is brought to you by Casper. Casper mattresses and products let today's dreamers get the sleep they need to turn their ideas into reality. Special thanks to the one and only Liz Kaplan, my sister and the brain behind this amazing collection of women. Talk to you tomorrow.
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