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SPEAKER_06: behind Encyclopedia Wamanica. I've always been so proud to work on this show and I can't believe we already closed out our first season. But Wamanica is truly a huge undertaking. If you want to show your appreciation and get access to some exclusive content, you can become a Wamaniac. Now, what does that mean exactly? Well, you can head over to glow.fm slash Wamanica and get access to some of our most recent content. You can go to glow.fm slash Wamanica and sign up for a monthly subscription. You'll be able to join our team on biweekly chats, plus let your voice be heard in the creation of the show. And your contribution makes a real difference for the work we're trying to do. That's glow.fm slash Wamanica. See you there.
SPEAKER_07: Hello, I'm Maddie Foley, a producer here at Wonder Media Network. I want to introduce one of our favorite episodes that's been featured on Encyclopedia Wamanica, Saint Teresa of Opula. Teresa was a Catholic Carmelite nun who lived and died during the 1500s. Personally, I'm always drawn to stories of women who carve out their own space within a patriarchal structure. And Teresa, she was truly an original. Author, religious reformer, unprecedented record keeper, mystic. Teresa spent her life chasing extremes. Following along is a wild ride. The show initially aired last October during our Witches and Saints Month, and now here's host Jenny Kaplan to tell you all about Teresa of Opula.
SPEAKER_05: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today we're traveling back to 16th century Counter-Reformation Spain to talk about one of the great mystics of the Roman Catholic Church. A Carmelite nun, religious reformer, author, and theologian, she left behind an incredible organizational and intellectual legacy. Please welcome Saint Teresa of Opula. Teresa de Cepeda-Yaumata was born in 1515 in Avila, Spain. Her father, a wool merchant who bought a knighthood, was one of the wealthiest men in the city. Teresa's mother was a devout Christian who emphasized the importance of her faith to her young daughter. Around 1535, after finishing her schooling, Teresa joined the local Carmelite convent of the Incarnation against her father's wishes. He was a strictly devout and austere man who wasn't impressed with an order known for being fairly liberal in its devotional practices. After entering the convent, Teresa began an intense study of works on contemplative prayer written mostly by medieval mystics. She was especially interested in the spiritual inner contemplation known as mental prayer. She believed it was integral to spiritual life. During that period, Teresa became seriously ill and spent nearly three years as an invalid. She'd become somewhat of a local celebrity, and her confinement caused significant worry throughout the community. While ill, Teresa maintained intense practical study of mental prayer and self-reflection. Then in 1555, Teresa underwent a spiritual awakening and began having ecstatic religious experiences. In 1559, she reported that Jesus had come to her in bodily form, but invisible. In another ecstatic vision made famous by Bernini's sculpture of the ecstasy of St. Teresa, she claimed to have experienced an angel repeatedly driving a fiery spear into her heart, causing incredible physical and spiritual pain. Teresa wrote down nearly everything that happened to her during her adult life, so these many episodes were meticulously documented. They're fascinating today for students of theology and modern medicine. Teresa's visions, coupled with her brilliant mind and strong knowledge of and interest in Christian mysticism, soon made her a well-known figure far beyond Avila.
SPEAKER_05: With her star on the rise, and vexed by what she saw in her own convent, Teresa decided it was time to restore the Carmelite order to its original focus on austerity and a strictly contemplative life. Over the prior two centuries, the Carmelites, like many orders, had become more spiritually lax and disinterested in austerity. In the vein of the Counter-Reformation occurring throughout Europe, Teresa found this highly problematic. She decided to take action and founded the Reformed Carmelite movement. In 1562, with the Pope's authorization, Teresa opened the first convent of the Carmelite Reform. Nuns there withdrew completely from the world to focus exclusively on prayer and divine law, as well as complete austerity and a total reliance on charity for survival. In 1567, the head of the entire Carmelite order traveled from Rome to Avila to visit Teresa and officially approved her reforms. He then directed her to found more convents and also to establish monasteries. Teresa recruited a young Carmelite priest to start the Carmelite Reform for Men, later known as Saint John of the Cross. This young priest would become a famous mystic and poet in his own right. Though Teresa was almost always in ill health, she spent the rest of her life establishing and nurturing 16 more convents throughout Spain. A schism in the Carmelite order sidelined Teresa for a bit, but her great admirer, King Philip II of Spain, advocated for a solution in the Reform movement's favor. And soon she was again traveling hundreds of miles on journeys to found new convents and check in on her established ones. Perhaps Teresa's greatest gift to posterity is her writings. These include her autobiography, The Life of Teresa of Jesus, and her seminal works, The Interior Castle and The Way of Perfection. These, along with other writings, poems, and letters, form a vital part of the literary canon of Christian mysticism. They're also considered classics of Spanish Renaissance literature. Teresa died on October 4th, 1582, while traveling to Burgos. She was canonized 40 years later by Pope Gregory XV. In 1970, Pope Paul VI named Teresa the first female Doctor of the Church, in recognition for her centuries-long spiritual legacy to Catholicism. Tune in tomorrow for the story of another remarkable woman from history. All month long, we're talking about witches and saints. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. Hey, it's Jenny. I wanna tell you about an organization I encourage you all to support, called Nourish NYC. Protesting during a pandemic, or in any environment, can be stressful. By partnering with local businesses, Nourish NYC helps activists by distributing essential supplies, PPE, and cash grants to New York City protesters and organizers in need. Nourish NYC is a black-run grassroots organization. Go to nourishnyc.org to find out how to donate. Follow them at Nourish NYC on Instagram to keep up with their latest work.
SPEAKER_08: For 60 Minutes. New episode airs Sunday, September 24th on CBS, and streaming on Paramount+.
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