Beautiful Minds: Olive Schreiner

Episode Summary

Olive Schreiner was a pioneering South African author and radical social commentator. She was born in 1855 and did not receive formal education, but her missionary mother encouraged her love of reading. Schreiner worked as a governess and began writing her first books at age 19. In 1883, Schreiner published her semi-autobiographical novel Story of an African Farm under the pseudonym Ralph Iron. The book was a huge success and emphasized Schreiner's feminist views on religion, individualism, and women's independence. Schreiner disregarded societal standards for women's appearance, rejecting Victorian fashion conventions. In 1889, she married a politician but kept her maiden name, which was highly unusual then. Schreiner was a vocal critic of British imperialism and colonialism in South Africa. Her outspoken views led to her house being burned down and imprisonment in a concentration camp for years during the 1899 South African war. In 1911, Schreiner published Woman and Labour, arguing that male authority is not innate and that one day women and men would be equal coworkers. She continued publishing works promoting gender and racial equality until her death in 1920. Schreiner's barrier-breaking career and progressive writing made her one of the first South African authors to gain international fame. Her books explored topical social issues and helped shape future women's movements.

Episode Show Notes

Olive Schreiner (1855-1920) was a South African author, social commentator, and activist.

Episode Transcript

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She didn't receive formal education, but her missionary mother strongly encouraged her to read a variety of books throughout her childhood. Olive became a governess and at age 19, started writing her first books. Those works were published after she moved to England in 1881. First, she published Story of an African Farm in 1883 under the pseudonym Ralph Iron. SPEAKER_01: On the zinc roof of the great open wagon house, on the roofs of the art buildings that jutted from its side, the moonlight glinted with a quite peculiar brightness till it seemed that every ribbon in the metal was of burnished silver. SPEAKER_00: The book was a hit throughout Europe and North America. Though Olive published under a different name, the story was deeply personal and semi-autobiographical. In Story of an African Farm, Olive wrote of a girl fighting to maintain her independence amidst the strict social roles typical of African colonizers. The book emphasizes unique feminist views about religion, individualism, and women's careers. These were some of the most topical issues of the time, and that propelled the book into notoriety and fame. Olive's radical tendencies extended beyond her political opinions. She disregarded the standards of appearance expected of women in the Victorian era, rejecting rigid undergarments, hats, and gloves. In 1889, Olive returned to South Africa and married a farmer politician. She kept her maiden name, which was also highly unusual at the time. Olive was a public voice against war and colonization in South Africa. After returning to the country, she wrote several articles and books attacking imperialism and prominent political figures, including Cecil John Rhodes during his time as prime minister of the Cape. In 1899, a war broke out between the English colonizers and the South Africans. Because of Olive's support of the Afrikaner plight, English troops burned her house down and sent her to a concentration camp for several years. In 1911, Olive published another acclaimed work called Woman and Labor. In this book, she asserted that the authority of men isn't actually innate, and that one day in the future, women and men will become true comrades and coworkers. Throughout her life, Olive published books with themes of anti-war, gender equality, and racial equality. She stood up for those affected by British imperialism. Olive passed away on December 11th, 1920 at age 65. Her husband published two of her novels posthumously, one called From Man to Man and another called Undine. Like the rest of her work, From Man to Man explores feminist themes. In the novel, the central character attempts to educate herself and her children about racist and sexist social structures of the era. Olive Shriner's work broke barriers throughout her career and is still worth studying today. 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