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SPEAKER_06: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today's activist was an actor who fought for racial justice in Hollywood and beyond. She joined forces with her husband to become a prominent figure in the civil rights movement. Let's talk about Ruby Dee. Ruby Ann Wallace was born on October 27th, 1922 in Cleveland, Ohio. After her mother left the family, Ruby was raised primarily by her father, Marshall, and her stepmother, Emma. Ruby spent much of her childhood in Harlem at the height of the Harlem Renaissance. Thanks to the influence of her stepmother, from a young age, Ruby absorbed the culture and work of black intellectuals, from the writings of W.E.B. Du Bois to the poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar. In high school, Ruby submitted her own poems to the New York Amsterdam News, a black weekly newspaper. Ruby enjoyed writing but caught the acting buzz after she read a play aloud to her classmates and received applause. In 1941, Ruby married Frankie Dee Brown, a liquor salesman. They divorced four years later, but she kept his last name as her stage name. Ruby attended Hunter College, where she joined the American Negro Theater. In 1945, she graduated with a degree in French and Spanish. The following year, in 1946, Ruby landed her first Broadway role in Jeb, a play which addressed race in post-World War II America. While she was hired as an understudy, the director was so impressed by her performance that she replaced the original actress. On set, Ruby fell in love with lead actor, Ossie Davis, and they married in 1948. Together, they had three children, including blues singer Guy Davis. As a black woman, Ruby began her film career by playing minor typecast characters. But throughout her time on stage and screen, she fought to change the narrative of what a star could look like. Ruby's big break came in 1950, when she starred opposite Jackie Robinson in the Jackie Robinson story. The film addressed racial tensions and won critics over, even in the era of racial segregation.
SPEAKER_03: Voted the most valuable baseball player in the National League, Ruby Dee, star of Ana Lucasto.
SPEAKER_06: That same year, Ruby appeared in an uncredited role in No Way Out, the story of a black doctor confronted with racism. The movie directly addressed racism, and a number of theaters in the deep South refused to show it. In 1959, Ruby landed the role of Ruth Younger in Lorraine Hansberry's revolutionary play A Raisin in the Sun. It was the first play written by a black woman to be produced on Broadway, and the first play with a black director on Broadway. Critic Edith Oliver wrote of Ruby's performance, is there a better young actress in America, or one who can make everything she does seem so effortless? During the 1960s, Ruby and her husband, Ossie, were prominent activists in the civil rights movement. Ruby was a member of a number of racial justice organizations, including the NAACP and the Congress of Racial Equality. In 1963, Ruby hosted the March on Washington, where Martin Luther King Jr. famously delivered his I Have a Dream speech. The National Urban League honored Ruby and Ossie with the Frederick Douglass Award for their leadership in the civil rights movement. Ruby's work to change the roles available to her on stage and screen eventually paid off. In 1965, Ruby starred as Kate in Taming of the Shrew, and Cordelia in King Lear, making her the first African American woman to play major parts in the American Shakespeare Festival. In 1968, Ruby became the first black actress to have a prominent role in the soap opera, Peyton Place. Two years later, she played the role of Lena in a production of Eithal Fugard's Bozeman and Lena, a story that tackled the effects of apartheid in South Africa. In it, Ruby portrayed an independent woman free of the constraints of having to support her husband. She called it the greatest role she'd ever had. Ruby was nominated for eight Emmys and earned one for Decoration Day in 1991. Ruby and Ossie worked together on screen and off. Ossie wrote and directed the play Pearly Victorious, which Ruby starred in, and they both starred in the film adaptation Gone Are the Days. They hosted a show on PBS called With Ossie and Ruby and later won a Grammy for their autobiography with the same title. Together, they appeared in four of Spike Lee's films, including Do the Right Thing, a film about Brooklyn's racial tensions. New York Times critic Vincent Canby wrote, Miss D and Mr. Davis are not only figures within the film, but they also seem to preside over it, as if ushering in a new era of black filmmaking. Ruby and Ossie were awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1995 and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004. In 2007, Ruby won the Screen Actors Guild Award for her portrayal of Mama Lucas in American Gangster. She and Ossie were also awarded the Screen Actor Guild's Life Achievement Award. At the time, the president of the organization said, for more than half a century, they have enriched and transformed American life as brilliant actors, writers, directors, producers, and passionate advocates for social justice, human dignity, and creative excellence.
SPEAKER_02: In that march on Washington, from where we were standing to the Lincoln Memorial, a sea of people, it was an integrated crowd, no doubt about it. Same thing's happening in things today. America, there's promise here. There's promise, because we have been through so much.
SPEAKER_06: In 2014, Ruby died in New Rochelle, New York at the age of 91. Her ashes were interred in the same urn as Ossie's. It was inscribed, in this thing together. All month, we're talking about activists. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanica Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanica, and follow me directly on Twitter, at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. Hey there, I wanna tell you about another show that I think you'll love. We're in the midst of an election cycle that demands we make our voices heard, and the most effective way to campaign is by talking to the people you know. From Wonder Media Network, Majority 54 equips you with the tools to talk to your friends and acquaintances, counter misinformation that's gone rampant online, and still maintain relationships with those whose opinions differ from your own. Each week, co-hosts Jason Kander and Ravi Gupta are talking to the 54% of Americans who didn't vote for Donald Trump, and are committed to changing the minds of those who did. Now more than ever, we must stand up, reach out, and work to make lasting change in our government and beyond. Listen to Majority 54 wherever you get your podcasts.
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