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SPEAKER_04: This week's episodes of Encyclopedia Wamanica are brought to you by Bonfire, the easiest way to design, sell, and order premium shirts, all virtually and risk-free with no out-of-pocket costs. On bonfire.com, you can upload a design or use their templates, and they'll take care of printing and shipping to your buyers. The platform allows you to fundraise to your community by encouraging supporters to wear your message loud and proud. They're trusted by the Women's March, Rock the Vote, and now, Wonder Media Network too. Check out the Encyclopedia Wamanica T-shirt we designed to support the show and sign up for Bonfire to kick off your own activist campaign at wondermedianetwork.com slash bonfire. That's wondermedianetwork.com slash bonfire. Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. All month, we're talking about activists, women who stood up against injustice and for a better world. Today, we're talking about an American civil rights activist whose work began as a student and extended throughout her life and beyond. She was one of the leaders of the sit-in and jail-in movements, continuing to fight for a more just society, even when faced with serious harm. According to the New York Times, her FBI file was over 400 pages long. Let's talk about Patricia Stevens Dew. Patricia Gloria Stevens was born on December 9th, 1939, 15 months after her sister Priscilla, who would go on to be her partner in many organizing efforts. Patricia was the second of three kids born to Lottie Mae Powell Stevens and Horace Walter Stevens. The Stevens family lived in Belglade, Florida for most of Patricia's youth. By the time she was 13 years old, Patricia was very aware of the discrimination she faced for being black and was ready to protest. She and her sister refused to go to the designated colored window at their local Dairy Queen. Instead, they stood in line for the window marked whites only. In 1957, Patricia started school at Florida A&M University. Two years later in 1959, Patricia and Priscilla attended a workshop put on by the Congress of Racial Equality, or CORE, on nonviolent civil disobedience. Patricia then started a local chapter of the organization in order to continue the work she tried to tackle at just 13 years old, integration. The following year, on February 20th, 1960, Patricia, her sister, and some other students sat down at a whites only lunch counter at a Woolworth's in Tallahassee and refused to get up until they were served. 19 days earlier, four guys sat down at a similar lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, officially kicking off a growing sit-in movement across the South. Patricia and 10 of her peers were arrested. Rather than paying a $300 fine, Patricia and Priscilla served out 49 days in jail. Their determination to serve their time as a statement became a norm when others were arrested and charged unfairly. Patricia's leadership and courage caught the attention of people around the country supportive of the cause, including Jackie Robinson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry Belafonte, and James Baldwin. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. sent the sisters a telegram that said, going to jail for a righteous cause is a badge of honor and a symbol of dignity. After she was finally released, Patricia continued the fight to change her city and country. One of her fellow activists was a man named John D. Dew Jr. He was in law school at Florida A&M University. The two got married in 1963 and would go on to have three children together. For their honeymoon, Patricia and John went to the March on Washington and heard Dr. King's I Have a Dream speech. The following year in 1964, Patricia took on a new role in CORE. She served as field secretary for a voter education and registration project in North Florida. Under her leadership, the program registered more voters than any other regional program in the South. Patricia also worked to improve the lives of workers, the poor, and other underserved populations in the US. But her activism took a physical toll on her. After being hit in the face by a can of tear gas, Patricia's eyes were injured and she was forced to wear dark glasses for the rest of her life. In 1967, 10 years after she enrolled, Patricia graduated from Florida A&M University. It took her all of a decade to get her degree because she spent periods of time traveling around the US to rally energy behind the civil rights movement. She was also suspended multiple times by the university due to her civil rights work. Patricia's work continued throughout the rest of her life on political and advocacy campaigns. Her daughter referred to her as a professional volunteer. She was dedicated to leading and teaching the next generation. Patricia led workshops and taught classes to help pass on the tactics and stories of the movement she helped to lead. Patricia wrote a memoir and in 2003, co-authored a book with one of her daughters called Freedom in the Family, a mother-daughter memoir of the fight for civil rights. Patricia received an honorary doctorate degree from Florida A&M University, and she won the Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Outstanding Achievement, among many other recognitions. On February 7th, 2012, Patricia died. She was 72 years old. All month, we're talking about activists. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our newsletter, Womanica Weekly. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Womanica, and follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow.
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