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SPEAKER_01: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Encyclopedia Wamanica. Today we're talking about a living legend who has written, organized, and advocated for change throughout her life. She held a wide variety of jobs from UN translator to book editor to reporter before dedicating her professional life to the promotion of civil rights, equality, peace, feminism, and the birth and growth of the Chicanx movement. Meet Betita Martinez. Elizabeth Sutherland Martinez was born on December 12th, 1925 in Washington, D.C. Her father immigrated to the United States from Mexico in 1917. In some ways, his story exemplified the American dream. He arrived with little to his name and ended up becoming a professor of Spanish literature at Georgetown University. In other ways, his story served as a cautionary tale. He faced racism and prejudice and taught Betita to think critically about U.S. policies and structures. Betita's American-born mother, whose family had come from Scotland and Ireland, also helped to shape Betita's perspective. She was a teacher and activist. Betita grew up in Chevy Chase, Maryland, a suburb of D.C., where she later wrote she felt like an outsider in what felt like an all-white community. After high school, she left the D.C. area to attend Swarthmore College and graduated with a degree in history and literature in 1946. After graduation, Betita decided to go by Liz Sutherland in an attempt to better fit in with elites in the arts and publishing world of New York City. She worked as a translator at the United Nations before moving into research and administration. Betita studied European and U.S. colonies in Africa and the Pacific Ocean, working to shed light on conditions and places that didn't have self-sovereignty. She then worked at the Museum of Modern Art before becoming an editor at Simon & Schuster. In 1964, Betita became the books and arts editor at The Nation magazine. Betita had successfully broken into the New York City cultural elite. It was no easy feat. Betita later said that she was a woman in a world dominated by men. Even so, she was adept at moving between worlds. Betita was equally at ease socializing on Fifth Avenue as at the jaunts frequented by beat poets of the day. She was a very busy lady. In addition to her day job, Betita found time to research and write pieces that landed in publications, including The National Guardian, Horizon, and The New York Times. She also volunteered for political causes she believed in. Betita wanted more than a successful business career. She was driven to seek and push for change in the world. In 1965, Betita left The Nation to work in the civil rights movement. She then became the director of the New York office of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCC, a major civil rights organization. She was one of only two Latina women who worked as a paid employee at SNCC. In her role, Betita raised money, organized events, and did research on the racial climate of the American South. She wrote a book called Letters from Mississippi about her experience working in the movement in that state, and also continued to write for major national publications. In 1967, Betita left SNCC and turned her focus to feminism before being drawn to the fledgling Chicano movement. Chicanx refers to people of Mexican descent born in the United States. In 1968, Betita left New York City for New Mexico. She went back to going by Betita Martinez rather than the more Anglican-sounding Elizabeth Sutherland. In New Mexico, Betita joined and propelled forward what became a movement to promote the rights and celebrate the culture of Chicanx people in the United States. She continued to maximize the power of her pen. She co-founded El Grito del Norte, a Chicanx movement monthly newspaper. In 1973, Betita founded the Chicano Communications Center in Albuquerque and served as its director until 1976. The center used arts and media to educate visitors about the culture and struggles of the Chicano community. During her tenure there, Betita also wrote another book, this one called 500 Years of Chicano History. From New Mexico, Betita moved to San Francisco where she continued to fight for a better future. She served as the program director at Global Options, an organization working on issues relating to labor conditions and social justice. In 1983, Betita ran for governor of California as a peace and freedom party candidate. In 1997, Betita founded yet another organization, the Institute for Multiracial Justice. The institute served as the embodiment of her life's work to break down barriers between people fighting for justice, especially different peoples of color. The following year, in 1998, Betita wrote a book called Decolores Means All of Us. Betita has written and taught throughout her long and impressive career in activism. She's lectured at upwards of 300 higher educational institutions. She's received many, many honors and accolades, including as a nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. Betita is a living example of what it looks like to keep fighting the fight against injustice in our own communities, across the country, and around the world. All month, we're talking about activists. For more on why we're doing what we're doing, check out our Encyclopedia Wamanica newsletter, Wamanica Weekly. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram at Encyclopedia Wamanica, and you can follow me directly on Twitter at Jenny M. Kaplan. Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator. Talk to you tomorrow. Before you go, I wanna tell you about another show I think you'll like. The award-winning kids podcast, Goodnight Stories for Rebel Girls, is back for a new season. This time, you'll meet amazing immigrant women from all over the planet who have changed the world in so many ways. Positive role models are critical to showing girls what's possible when they dream bigger. The Goodnight Stories for Rebel Girls podcast is a resource for parents and teachers to inspire, educate, and instill confidence in little rebels everywhere. And each one is narrated by incredible women from the world of art, music, business, and sports. Find Goodnight Stories for Rebel Girls wherever you listen to podcasts.
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SPEAKER_03: How rude, Tanneritos. A Full House rewatch podcast is here. Join us as hosts Jody Sweetin and Andrea Barber look back on their journey together as the iconic characters we all love, Stephanie Tanner and Kimmy Gibbler. Here's a quick preview brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson.
SPEAKER_07: We spent our entire childhoods on a little show called Full House. Playing frenemies, but becoming besties whenever the cameras weren't rolling. And now 35 years later, it's our biggest adventure yet.
SPEAKER_03: You can listen to How Rude Tanneritos on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. Brought to you by the Hyundai Tucson. It's your journey.
