SPEAKER_01: Every kid learns differently, so it's really important that your children have the educational support that they need to help them keep up and excel. If your child needs homework help, check out iXcel, the online learning platform for kids. iXcel covers math, language arts, science, and social studies through interactive practice problems from pre-K to 12th grade. As kids practice, they get positive feedback and even awards. With the school year ramping up, now is the best time to get iXcel. Our listeners can get an exclusive 20% off iXcel membership when they sign up today at iXcel.com slash invisible. That's the letters iXcel.com slash invisible. Squarespace is the all-in-one platform for building your brand and growing your business online. Stand out with a beautiful website, engage with your audience, and sell anything. Your products, content you create, and even your time. You can easily display posts from your social profiles on your website or share new blogs or videos to social media. Automatically push website content to your favorite channels so your followers can share it too. Go to squarespace.com slash invisible for a free trial, and when you're ready to launch, use the offer code invisible to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. This is 99% Invisible. I'm Roman Mars. Humans and birds don't have much in common. For example, most birds can fly and most humans can't. But one thing we do have in common is that humans and birds both love to play tourist in New York City. Every year, millions of birds fly through New York on their annual migration. And because flying several thousand miles is pretty exhausting, these birds nest for a few days in one of NYC's many urban parks.
SPEAKER_04: I live really near Brooklyn Ridge Park and I basically walked in the park almost every day of the pandemic. But I always saw it through the eyes of, you know, somebody who's an architecture critic. But I never really perceived it as a bird habitat. This is design critic and friend of the show, Alexandra Lang.
SPEAKER_01: I would see people, you know, tweeting pictures of birds from Brooklyn Ridge Park.
SPEAKER_04: And so I'd think, oh, I should, you know, notice those. But I just it's like I didn't know how to notice them. Alexandra wanted to know more about the birds passing through her city and wrote an article about it for the website CityLab.
SPEAKER_01: Last November, she emailed two local birders and they showed her all the birds quietly nesting in her favorite park.
SPEAKER_00: And then we have the ravens nest. Did you hear about that? The ravens nested on the tower of Brooklyn Bridge. Oh, that's the third the third ever on record raven nest.
SPEAKER_01: They showed me this bird that they called the butter butt. Oh, I see.
SPEAKER_04: OK, so like some people call them butter butts.
SPEAKER_01: Its real name is the yellow rump warbler. FYI, I don't know if that's any more dignified than butter butt.
SPEAKER_04: It was so fun to see just that like flash of bright yellow in the park. You know, it was already November. Like everything was very gray and brown and kind of seer. And just to have somebody point and see that like flash of yellow. That was just great.
SPEAKER_01: But as Alexandra walked through the park, she noticed something else, something that unnerved her. While Brooklyn Bridge Park is a safe haven for birds, the park is surrounded by condos and hotels and office buildings with floor to ceiling windows. These all glass building facades are the absolute worst for migrating birds, because unlike people, birds don't really understand glass. I mean, this is happening in cities all over the U.S. and all over the world, that there's been this boom in urban parks, but those parks booms also spur real estate development.
SPEAKER_04: It's glass buildings because those are what we think of as fancy new architecture. Anytime you have glass and birds in the same space, you have a risk of bird window collisions.
SPEAKER_03: This is Caitlin Parkins, the interim director of conservation and science at New York City Audubon.
SPEAKER_01: I often hear people say, oh, birds are so dumb. They just run into glass. Why don't they see it?
SPEAKER_03: And if you step back and think of it, it's made not to be seen. Right. It's made so that we can look through our window and get a beautiful view of the outdoors. We see glass because we use architectural cues to recognize that it's present or we've learned some of the nuance of the color of glass, or maybe there's a mark on the glass that makes us realize, OK, this is a solid barrier. Birds can't really pick up on those cues. This is especially bad if there's anything behind the glass the bird recognizes, like a plant.
SPEAKER_01: So if you can imagine a really reflective piece of glass and there's a tree in it, a bird is going to see that and recognize it as a tree and try to fly to it.
SPEAKER_03: And they're very fast and they hit very hard and often they die instantly. Another example, this is an ecological trap, but we put vegetation behind glass. We love atriums with trees in them. We want to bring nature indoors. Well, then you're actually just putting a clear piece of glass between a tree and a bird. And of course, they're going to try to fly to the tree and rest and hit the glass and potentially die.
SPEAKER_01: The world is incredibly perilous for birds. Windmills kill birds. So do cars and trucks. And on top of that, pet cats kill so many birds. Truly, cats are out of control. However, it's believed that building collisions are one of the biggest causes of bird death. Birds crash into buildings during the day because they don't see the glass and they run into buildings at night because they are lured in by artificial lighting. Most of these collisions happen below 100 feet because that's where birds are used to landing in trees. This loss is awful for so many reasons. Birds are essential for controlling pests and pollinating flowers and regenerating forests. And watching birds and listening to birdsong is just really nice. We don't have exact numbers on how many birds we kill because there is no bird census. But even the lowest estimates are devastating.
SPEAKER_04: According to the Audubon Society, buildings kill 300 million to a billion birds per year. Like a billion birds. I mean, that's the high end of the estimate. Like, these are definitely like I noticed when I was looking back through the stats, very broad estimates, but it's a lot of birds.
SPEAKER_01: These collisions are a major reason the bird population in North America is in decline. One study found that we've lost three billion birds since the 1970s. Again, we don't have exact numbers, which is why organizations around the world hold collision walks. Every week, groups like NYC Audubon organize volunteers to document the number of dead birds next to skyscrapers. Here's Caitlin Parkins. It started back in 1997 when one of our board members started just noticing dead birds on the sidewalk and actually didn't even know what was causing it.
SPEAKER_03: And she and some volunteers started walking the streets documenting bird window collisions, picking up dead birds, and of course transporting injured birds to rehabilitation centers. So when our volunteers find a bird that's been stunned, they put it into a paper bag. And a paper bag is the best transport vehicle. They're like little bird ambulances. If you want to see this in action, there's a video on YouTube of Caitlin helping stun birds in a New York City park.
SPEAKER_01: Let the bird out and let it choose to leave when it wants to. So I'm just going to open this bag. This bird is ready, ready, ready to go.
SPEAKER_03: Good. There he goes. We actually don't know how many of those birds makes it. We expect that many of them, even if they recover from the immediate trauma, probably have long term trauma and probably often don't make it much further.
SPEAKER_01: According to Caitlin, stunned and wounded birds are the exception. Most birds that collide with buildings are killed instantly. The Audubon volunteers spent a lot of their time picking up dead birds and bringing them back to a freezer at their office in Manhattan.
SPEAKER_03: Eventually, those carcasses get donated to museums for museum collections. It's kind of a nice way of having these birds go to some sort of useful scientific or educational purpose because they were needlessly killed. But it somehow feels a little bit better that at least they're going towards some greater good.
SPEAKER_01: Still, these collision walks are really difficult for the volunteers and staff at NYC Audubon. Caitlin Parkins vividly remembers a day last fall that lives in New York, birder infamy. October 6th, 2021.
SPEAKER_03: There was really heavy migration. There was also a pretty intense storm and low cloud cover, and that brings birds down low into the city. So I started getting text messages around six thirty in the morning. Volunteers were saying, I can't pick up all of these birds. I'm watching birds hit. I'm trying to pick up the stunned birds. I need help. I had a black pole warbler die in my hand. I watched it hit a window at Columbus Circle and I picked it up and it was convulsing in my hand. And there's nothing that I could do in that moment. I knew that bird was going to die.
SPEAKER_01: The bird collisions that day were especially traumatic for volunteers in downtown Manhattan, particularly those who monitor the new towers at the World Trade Center site. Tower four is designed by Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki, and it's known as Bird Enemy Number One because of its design. The tower is basically a floor-length mirror of a building, and it's in exactly the wrong place.
SPEAKER_04: The other aspect of why that particular site is deadly is the memorial grove of trees around the footprint fountains for the deaths on 9-11. Those are a very broad tree canopy that's right in close proximity to these buildings. That morning, a volunteer for NYC Audubon named Melissa Breyer got to the World Trade Center buildings, and what she found became big news around the world.
SPEAKER_01: She went to the World Trade Center site and she found over 200 dead birds there that day. And she actually arranged them in kind of a grid and attached the photos to the tweet. And I really think it went viral because seeing, you know, that many like tiny, fragile dead birds all in one tweet was just very overwhelming.
SPEAKER_04: It was picked up on Twitter. It was picked up by the media. We started getting all kinds of media inquiries. As terrible as that event was, it brought a lot of awareness to the issue.
SPEAKER_04: This is clearly like not an acceptable state of affairs. These are really some of the newest, shiniest buildings in New York. Why are we allowing them to do this to birds?
SPEAKER_01: When it comes to bird collisions, there's a lot we can do. For nighttime collisions, we can turn off lights and empty skyscrapers, which are tempting for migrating birds. And for daytime collisions, good design can go a long way. In fact, there are design solutions that can bring down bird deaths by 80 or 90 percent. And they're pretty straightforward. It's all about making buildings more legible for birds. You can break up an all-glass facade with colored fins or solid barriers, or you can design a building with bird-safe glass that's covered in patterns or small dots so a bird doesn't see the glass as transparent. According to Alexandra Lang, there are many great examples of bird-safe design on the New York skyline.
SPEAKER_04: I think one of the best examples is the New York Times building, which was designed by Renzo Piano and has this exterior screen of ceramic rods, which are two inches or so apart. So that's a building that happens to be great for birds because they see the rods and they don't see the glass and so they don't smack into it.
SPEAKER_01: Today, many architects are consulting birders while planning new buildings around the country. One example is the Amazon campus that's being constructed in Northern Virginia. The original designs were less than ideal. The centerpiece of this new Amazon campus that they're building in Virginia is this building called the Helix, which is a curving glass building with a path spiraling up the outside and the whole path is going to be planted with trees.
SPEAKER_04: So for a bird, that basically means at any point from the bottom to the top of the building, they could easily get distracted, try to land on a tree and smack into the glass.
SPEAKER_01: Amazon hired a landscape architect named Kate Orff to work on the project and right away, she noticed the serious problems with the facade. Kate Orff is a birder, is somebody that's been a real activist on bird safety, helped to write some earlier guidelines with the Audubon Society. And so when she saw the design for this building, she was basically like, well, I can't be a party to this.
SPEAKER_04: Say what you will about Amazon as a company, but they listened to Kate Orff and the birders on this one.
SPEAKER_04: All of the glass that is adjacent to the trees on this building either has a frit or it's colored or there are external fins or spines that will be spaced two inches apart so that birds will perceive the building and not just smack into it.
SPEAKER_01: It's not just architects and planners getting wise to bird safety. Cities are also adopting new rules about bird safe design. Toronto approved regulations in 2010 that require new buildings to use 85% bird safe glass on lower levels. And more recently, cities like New York and San Francisco have adopted similar rules. These new laws represent progress, but they can only do so much. And that's because these laws are focused on the design of new buildings. They don't address the thousands of glass structures that already exist.
SPEAKER_03: It's certainly much easier to design a bird friendly building than to fix it later. Not that it's necessarily hard, it's just additional cost.
SPEAKER_01: Alexander Lang says there are only a few examples of buildings that have gone ahead with large scale retrofits, including the Javits Center in Manhattan. It's a huge convention center that runs right along the West Side Highway next to a park. Javits used to be a notorious bird killer, but a few years ago, the owners invested millions of dollars to replace all the glass in the building. The new glass is covered in tiny dots spaced two inches apart. NYC Audubon says the renovations at Javits have reduced bird collisions by about 90%. But that's just for one building.
SPEAKER_04: Like I talked to several architects who know all about bird safety, and even they, in dealing with some clients, can't convince them to use bird safe glass. There's such a prejudice on the part of clients, especially clients who are building luxury buildings, to think that they need floor to ceiling transparent glass. And they think that the people that are going to buy apartments in these buildings are not going to be satisfied with glass that has tiny little dots on it. So they say, no, we're not going to put that in. We could live with the bird deaths.
SPEAKER_01: But Alexander Lang says despite the resistance from designers, people get used to bird safe glass pretty quickly. It's really practically imperceptible to the human eye when you're inside the building that there are these teeny tiny dots on the glass.
SPEAKER_01: Even if there were laws to fix every skyscraper in America, it would only address a small part of the bird collision problem because our homes can have big glass windows too. And surprisingly, it's actually homes and low rise buildings that account for a majority of bird collisions. Which begs the question, why are we talking about the high rises? Well, it's because a home or a low rise building is not going to kill 200 birds in one day.
SPEAKER_04: But there are so many more homes and low rise buildings in the U.S. than there are skyscrapers. So it's more the attrition of, say, your house with a big glass window killing 12 birds a year. But it turns out your neighbor's house also kills 12 birds a year and the neighbor next to them and the neighbor next to them.
SPEAKER_01: The average person can't change the design of a skyscraper, but there are small fixes that can make your home bird safe. If you, say, in your house have a big sliding glass door that birds keep running into, you can put stickers on that door.
SPEAKER_04: You can put a net over that door during prime flying season. At the very least, you should not install your bird feeder right in front of that giant glass door because that makes it particularly deadly. So, yeah, there are a lot of inexpensive techniques that homeowners can use just to keep the birds away from their particular pane of glass.
SPEAKER_01: And that's what's so compelling about this issue, as opposed to the complex systemic interconnected issues that we often talk about on the show. Bird collisions are a serious problem with a pretty simple design solution. The reason I love design is because design is about problem solving and this is a problem we know how to solve.
SPEAKER_04: We just have to get over some of our aesthetic preoccupations in order to solve it.
SPEAKER_01: More words about birds with Kurt Kohlstedt after this. If you need to design visuals for your brand, you know how important it is to stay on brand. Brands need to use their logos, colors and fonts in order to stay consistent. It's what makes them stand out. The online design platform Canva makes it easy for everyone to stay on brand. With Canva, you can keep your brand's fonts, logos, colors and graphics right where you design presentations, websites, videos and more. Drag and drop your logo into a website design or click to get your social post colors on brand. Create brand templates to give anyone on your team a design head start. You can save time resizing social posts with Canva Magic Resize. If your company decides to rebrand, replace your logo and other brand imagery across all your designs in just a few clicks. If you're a designer, Canva will save you time on the repetitive tasks. And if you don't have a design resource at your fingertips, just design it yourself. With Canva, you don't need to be a designer to design visuals that stand out and stay on brand. Start designing today at Canva.com, the home for every brand. When you're working on the go, how can you make sure the confidential information on your laptop screen is safe from wandering eyes? 3M has the answer with the new 3M Bright Screen Privacy Filter. Using Nanoluver technology, 3M Bright Screen Privacy Filters deter visual hackers while providing a 25% brighter experience over other privacy filters. In fact, it's 3M's brightest privacy filter yet. The perfect balance of screen clarity and visual privacy. It's a new type of privacy filter built for an era where our screens are wherever we go. Try the new 3M Bright Screen Privacy Filter and stop worrying about confidential or personal information escaping your computer screen. Everything that appears on your screen is for your eyes only. Visit 3MScreens.com slash brighter to get your new 3M Bright Screen Privacy Filter today and work like no one is watching. 3MScreens.com slash brighter. The International Rescue Committee works in more than 40 countries to serve people whose lives have been upended by conflict and disaster. Over 110 million people are displaced around the world and the IRC urgently needs your help to meet this unprecedented need. The IRC aims to respond within 72 hours after an emergency strikes and they stay as long as they are needed. Some of the IRC's most important work is addressing the inequalities facing women and girls, ensuring safety from harm, improving health outcomes, increasing access to education, improving economic well-being, and ensuring women and girls have the power to influence decisions that affect their lives. Generous people around the world give to the IRC to help families affected by humanitarian crises with emergency supplies. Your generous donation will give the IRC steady, reliable support, allowing them to continue their ongoing humanitarian efforts even as they respond to emergencies. Donate today by visiting rescue.org slash rebuild. Donate now and help refugee families in need. Chances are you're listening to 99% invisible on your phone, probably while you're on the go. Think of all that you do on your phone the moment you leave your front door, whether it's looking up directions, scrolling social media, or listening to your favorite podcast. It requires an amazing network. That's why you should switch to T-Mobile. T-Mobile covers more highway miles with 5G than anyone else and helps keep you connected with 5G from the driveway to the highway and the miles in between. Because your phone should just work where you are, it's your lifeline to pretty much everything you didn't bring with you. So next time you head out, whether you're taking a trip or going to work or just running errands, remember, T-Mobile has got you covered. Find out more at T-Mobile dot com slash network and switch to the network that covers more highway miles with 5G than anyone else. Coverage is not available in some areas. See 5G details at T-Mobile dot com. So I'm back with 99 P.I.'s own Kirk Kolstad to talk a little bit more about birds. And actually there's quite a lot to talk about because over the years we've gotten a lot of fan suggestions for stories on the subject of birds.
SPEAKER_00: Oh yes, yes we have. And the funny thing is, back when I joined the show, like years ago, we actually had a rule on the books about 99 P.I. covering animal related stories. The cardinal rule. No cardinals. Exactly. The cardinal rule was no cardinals. And that also applied to other animals. It was just kind of a fun shorthand. But since then, we've talked about a lot of species, especially in relationship to humans and our built environment. And we've gotten a lot of pitches from listeners about animals. For some reason, birds most of all. What is it about birds that gets people like suggesting stories for us?
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I suspect it's partly because bird strikes are such a visible and kind of a traumatizing part of living in cities.
SPEAKER_00: And so naturally, most of these stories that we do get involve bird deaths and like how to mitigate bird deaths. But it turns out that not everyone is on board with saving birds, or at least not every kind of bird.
SPEAKER_01: Wait, who's anti-bird out there? What are these cruel people? Who can be anti-bird? Birds are delightful. But it turns out that some birds are actively targeted for destruction. And here in the U.S. there's one in particular more than others.
SPEAKER_00: The starling, which isn't even native to North America. Okay, so where do they come from if they're not from North America?
SPEAKER_00: So back in the late 1800s, there was a German immigrant named Eugene Schieflin, and he was on this mission to introduce birds to North America. But not just any birds. According to lore, he had a specific fondness for European species that had been written about by William Shakespeare. People who were introducing non-native birds, they really liked to cite him as inspiration. Like he kind of jazzed people up about these birds. And so around the turn of the 20th century, there were a lot of groups that were aiming to make America look and feel more like Europe, in part by importing familiar plants and animals. And Eugene belonged to one of these groups. It was called the American Acclimatization Society. So would they just import birds and just release them out in the wild and just kind of hope for the best?
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, pretty much. And a lot of these foreign species failed to take off.
SPEAKER_00: But some of them, like the starling, turned out to be really adept survivors because starlings are highly competitive and they're really good at securing prime nesting spots that other birds would normally occupy. Yeah. I mean, this is the story when it comes to introducing species. I mean, like, sometimes they can sort of take over a niche and then they just crowd out all other birds.
SPEAKER_01: That's exactly it. And scientists have observed exactly that correlation that as starling populations increase, bluebird, woodpecker and other bird populations decrease.
SPEAKER_00: Yeah. So I can see why birders would be kind of anti-starling, you know, because they're a fan of other birds.
SPEAKER_00: Right. They want some diversity. And they're not the only ones who are not totally on board with starlings because it turns out starlings are also a really big pain for the agriculture industry. Not only do they eat grain that's meant for livestock, they're picky about it. They tend to eat the best grain. And this has secondary effects, right? Like reducing the dairy output of cows. Yeah. I can see why farmers would be have a problem with starlings if that was the case.
SPEAKER_01: And on their behalf, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has stepped in to mitigate this problem. The USDA actually disperses or kills off millions of animals per year.
SPEAKER_00: And from the latest numbers I've seen, starlings are at the top of their hit list. In 2021, they took out thousands of brown tree snakes, tens of thousands of feral pigs, but nearly a million starlings. Wow. That's significant. That's a lot. Yeah. And on top of the ones they kill, they disperse millions more each year. What does that mean? That sounds like a euphemism for something awful.
SPEAKER_00: Well, basically, it's like they get them to move away from places that we don't want them, like farms. And they do this using a combination of recorded sounds and strobing lights, like anything that the birds would find scary and wouldn't want to be around. And so do those efforts actually work?
SPEAKER_01: Well, it's very much an uphill battle. Today, there are still around 200 million starlings in North America. Viewed in that light, the USDA's impact seems actually kind of small.
SPEAKER_00: So we did a story a while back about how pigeons got introduced to North America. And, you know, now those are like the bird that most people think of as a nuisance, you know, because we run across them in cities.
SPEAKER_01: One of the things we talked about when we talked about pigeons is like, pigeons, it's all about attitude because they're called doves when they're not in cities. And so I wonder, are there people who, you know, see those starlings and don't see them as pests? You don't just see them as like cool birds because they do those like murmurations where they float through the sky and it's kind of, they're kind of stunning to, you know, to watch. Are there people that are lobbying to protect them even though they're invasive species? I mean, not exactly like lobbying to protect them as such, but there are people who point out that starlings might not be as bad for other birds as we think.
SPEAKER_00: And so maybe like our focus on, you know, killing starlings is kind of misplaced because there's a debate around the data, right, regarding the impact they have on other bird species and this, you know, larger scientific question of correlation versus causation. Right. And so there's a related school of thought that maybe instead of running starlings out of town, we should build or grow more habitats for other birds, which, you know, makes sense. Right. Right. Like we don't have to just kill off starlings, you know, we could just boost other birds and have a healthier ecosystem.
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, that's the idea. But of course, farmers wouldn't be too thrilled about giving up the starling hunt, which leads me to another type of bird, one that farmers actually like to have around, owls.
SPEAKER_00: So I take it that farmers probably like owls because they eat rodents and things like that.
SPEAKER_01: Yeah. Historically, yes, we like it when birds do things for us, but there are some groups that have taken to, you know, building and putting up nesting boxes to help house species like displaced owls, which, you know, is independent of their utility to us humans.
SPEAKER_00: Yeah, that is nice to see that we shouldn't just treat animals as, you know, valuable because they serve us in some ways. So it's nice that we are like making the built environment suitable for us and for them, because actually in the end of it all, like it needs to be suitable for both us and them for it to be a good, healthy, like joyful place to live.
SPEAKER_01: Absolutely. And, you know, just one other thing before we go. There's a guy who wrote in from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
SPEAKER_00: He had some really interesting insights, too, on like there are bricks that are specifically built to house certain kinds of birds that are like hollow. And he also noted that like a lot of birds get stuck in pipes. I mean, there's just on top of the windows that we kind of talked about in the main part of the story, there are just a lot of techniques out there that we could employ to just make the built environment like a happier place for all kinds of species. Yeah. Yeah. This is one of those rare 9-IPIs where the design solution is sitting right there. You know, like if you just have those frited glass, you could save so many bird lives. And it's the technology is there that just has to be the will and, you know, the willingness to like spend the money to do it.
SPEAKER_01: But, you know, as windows get replaced, why not just like make everything a little bit better for birds? That would be amazing. Yeah, that's exactly it. And there are places in the world where it's like that's part of the mandate that cities have for new architecture, right? Like it's just like part and parcel of building a new building is just making it friendlier for animals as well as humans.
SPEAKER_00: That's great. Well, thank you for that roundup, Kurt. I mean, the cardinal rule was always a joke.
SPEAKER_01: I know. I know. That we didn't do things about birds or any wildlife, but we clearly do things about wildlife all the time because it interacts with our cities and our built world so much that they're actually interesting design conundrums that come about when it comes to the interaction of humans and animals. And, you know, we have like a whole section in our book about it. It is a huge preoccupation of the people on this staff. And it's a favorite topic of mine, too. Like I love animals and I love the built environment. So I love places where they intersect.
SPEAKER_00: Yeah, that's awesome.
SPEAKER_01: Well, thanks so much for this little extra information, Kurt. I appreciate it. Of course. Ninety nine percent of what was produced this week by Alexandra Lang with Chris Berube, Keiko Donald and Kurt Kohlstedt editing by Delaney Hall mix and tech production by Martine Gonzalez music by our director of sound Swan real. And as in their laying first wrote about birds safe design for Bloomberg City lab, will include a link to this article and more of Alexandra's writing at ninety nine p.i.org special thanks this week to Elizabeth Shapiro Dan Pizzelli Garrett Crowe NYC Audubon Flap Canada and our birders Jared Thorpe and Catherine quail. We are part of the stitcher and serious XM podcast family now headquartered six blocks north in the Pandora building in beautiful uptown Oakland, California. You can find the show and join discussions about show on Facebook. You can tweet at me at Roman Mars and the show at nine. I'm P.I. org. We're on Instagram and Reddit, too. You can find links to other stitcher shows I love, as well as every past episode of 99 P.I. at 99 P.I.org. So sure, so sure. I can't make serious except sound like a bird. Serious. Great sleep can be hard to come by these days and finding the right mattress feels totally overwhelming. Serta's new and improved perfect sleeper is a simple solution designed to support all sleep positions with zoned comfort memory foam and a cool to the touch cover. The Serta perfect sleeper means more restful nights and more rested days. Find your comfort at Serta.com.
SPEAKER_02: Only 17 percent of domestic violence shelters in the U.S. currently accept pets. That leaves many abuse survivors with the difficult decision to stay in a dangerous situation to protect their pets or leave without them. Through the Purple Leash Project, Purina is building a future where no one escaping abuse has to leave a pet behind. They are providing grants to make more shelters pet friendly so domestic abuse survivors and their pets can escape and heal together. To join Purina and see how you can help, visit purpleleashproject.com.
SPEAKER_03:
